Quinolinone derivatives

ABSTRACT

A method for synthesizing a 4-amino substituted quinolinone includes reacting a substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate with a substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile in the presence of a base or an acid. A 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound is formed by the reaction, and the 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound comprises a benzimidazole group.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/886,950, filed on Jul. 8, 2004, pending, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/284,017, filed on Oct. 30, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,237, which is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/951,265 filed on Sep. 11, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,605,617, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/232,159 filed on Sep. 11, 2000, the entire disclosures each of which is incorporated herein by reference and for all purposes as if fully set forth in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention pertains generally to treating diseases characterized by angiogenesis including cancer. More specifically, the invention described herein pertains to treating diseases characterized by activity of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases. The present invention provides, small molecule inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, pharmaceutical formulations containing such inhibitors, methods of treating patients with such pharmaceutical formulations, and to methods of preparing such pharmaceutical formulations and inhibitors.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Capillaries reach into almost all tissues of the human body and supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients as well as removing waste products. Under typical conditions, the endothelial cells lining the capillaries do not divide, and capillaries, therefore, do not normally increase in number or size in a human adult. Under certain normal conditions, however, such as when a tissue is damaged, or during certain parts of the menstrual cycle, the capillaries begin to proliferate rapidly. This process of forming new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels is known as angiogenesis or neovascularization. See Folkman, J. Scientific American 275,150-154 (1996). Angiogenesis during wound healing is an example of pathophysiological neovascularization during adult life. During wound healing, the additional capillaries provide a supply of oxygen and nutrients, promote granulation tissue, and aid in waste removal. After termination of the healing process, the capillaries normally regress. Lymboussaki, A. “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and their Receptors in Embryos, Adults, and in Tumors” Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, (1999).

Angiogenesis also plays an important role in the growth of cancer cells. It is known that once a nest of cancer cells reaches a certain size, roughly 1 to 2 mm in diameter, the cancer cells must develop a blood supply in order for the tumor to grow larger as diffusion will not be sufficient to supply the cancer cells with enough oxygen and nutrients. Thus, inhibition of angiogenesis is expected to halt the growth of cancer cells.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane polypeptides that regulate developmental cell growth and differentiation, remodeling and regeneration of adult tissues. Mustonen, T. et al., J. Cell Biology 129, 895-898 (1995); van der Geer, P. et al. Ann Rev. Cell Biol. 10, 251-337 (1994). Polypeptide ligands known as growth factors or cytokines, are known to activate RTKs. Signaling RTKs involves ligand binding and a shift in conformation in the external domain of the receptor resulting in its dimerization. Lymboussaki, A. “Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors and their Receptors in Embryos, Adults, and in Tumors” Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, (1999); Ullrich, A. et al., Cell 61, 203-212 (1990). Binding of the ligand to the RTK results in receptor trans-phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues and subsequent activation of the catalytic domains for the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic substrates. Id.

Two subfamilies of RTKs are specific to the vascular endothelium. These include the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) subfamily and the Tie receptor subfamily. Class III RTKs include VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Shibuya, M. et al., Oncogene 5, 519-525 (1990); Terman, B. et al., Oncogene 6, 1677-1683 (1991); Aprelikova, O. et al., Cancer Res. 52, 746-748 (1992).

Members of the VEGF subfamily have been described as being able to induce vascular permeability and endothelial cell proliferation and further identified as a major inducer of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Ferrara, N. et al., Endocrinol. Rev. 18, 4-25 (1997). VEGF is known to specifically bind to RTKs including VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. DeVries, C. et al., Science 255, 989-991 (1992); Quinn, T. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90, 7533-7537 (1993). VEGF stimulates the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and induces angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Connolly, D. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20017-20024 (1989); Connolly, D. et al., J. Clin. Invest. 84, 1470-1478 (1989); Ferrara, N. et al., Endocrino. Rew. 18, 4-25 (1997); Leung, D. et al., Science 246, 1306-1309 (1989); Plouet, J. et al., EMBO J. 8, 3801-3806 (1989).

Because angiogenesis is known to be critical to the growth of cancer and to be controlled by VEGF and VEGF-RTK, substantial efforts have been undertaken to develop therapeutics that are antagonists of VEGF-RTK to thereby inhibit or retard angiogenesis, and, hopefully, interfere or stop tumor proliferation.

A wide variety of chemical compounds and compositions have been reported as having activity against one of more the VEGF-RTKs. Examples include quinoline derivatives such as described in WO 98/13350, aminonicotinamide derivatives (see, e.g., WO 01/55114), antisense compounds (see, e.g., WO 01/52904), peptidomimetics (see, e.g., WO 01/52875), quinazoline derivatives (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,951) monoclonal antibodies (see, e.g., EP 1 086 705 A1), various 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-porphyrins and 5,10,15-triaryl-corroles (see, e.g., WO 00/27379), heterocyclic alkanesulfonic and alkane carboxylic acid derivatives (see, e.g., DE19841985), oxindolylquinazoline derivatives (see, e.g., WO 99/10349), 1,4-diazaanthracine derivatives (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,441), and cinnoline derivatives (see, e.g., WO 97/34876), and various indazole compounds (see, e.g., WO 01/02369 and WO 01/53268).

Various indolyl substituted compounds have recently been disclosed in WO 01/29025, WO 01/62251, and WO 01/62252, and various benzimidazolyl compounds have recently been disclosed in WO 01/28993. These compounds are reportedly capable of inhibiting, modulating, and/or regulating signal transduction of both receptor-type and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Some of the disclosed compounds contain a quinolone fragment bonded to the indolyl or benzimidazolyl group.

The synthesis of 4-hydroxy quinolone and 4-hydroxy quinoline derivatives is disclosed in a number of references. For example, Ukrainets et al. have disclosed the synthesis of 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline. Ukrainets, I. et al., Tet. Lett. 42, 7747-7748 (1995); Ukrainets, I. et al., Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinii, 2, 239-241(1992). Ukrainets has also disclosed the synthesis, anticonvulsive and antithyroid activity of other 4-hydroxy quinolones and thio analogs such as 1H-2-oxo-3-(2-benzimidazolyl)-4-hyrdoxyquinoline. Ukrainets, I. et al., Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinii, 1, 105-108 (1993); Ukrainets, I. et al., Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinii, 8, 1105-1108 (1993); Ukrainets, I. et al., Chem. Heterocyclic Comp. 33, 600-604, (1997).

The synthesis of various quinoline derivatives is disclosed in WO 97/48694. These compounds are disclosed as capable of binding to nuclear hormone receptors and being useful for stimulating osteoblast proliferation and bone growth. The compounds are also disclosed as being useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases associated with nuclear hormone receptor families.

Various quinoline derivatives in which the benzene ring of the quinolone is substituted with a sulfur group are disclosed in WO 92/18483. These compounds are disclosed as being useful in pharmaceutical formulations and as medicaments.

Quinolone and coumarin derivatives have been disclosed as having use in a variety of applications unrelated to medicine and pharmaceutical formulations. References that describe the preparation of quinolone derivatives for use in photopolymerizable compositions or for luminescent properties include: U.S. Pat. No. 5,801,212 issued to Okamoto et al.; JP 8-29973; JP 7-43896; JP 6-9952; JP 63-258903; EP 797376; and DE 23 63 459.

Despite the exploration of a variety of chemistries to provide VEGF-RTK-antagonist therapies, a continuing need exists for compounds that inhibit the proliferation of capillaries, inhibit the growth of tumors, and/or inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and pharmaceutical formulations that contain such compounds. A need also exists for methods for administering such compounds and pharmaceutical formulations to patients in need thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical formulations including the compounds, methods of preparing the pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of treating patients with the pharmaceutical formulations and compounds.

The present invention provides a first group of compounds having the structure I. The invention also provides tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers. Structure I has the following formula:

where, in the first group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl), —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —O-alkyl groups, O-aryl groups, heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, heterocyclyloxy groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

The invention provides a second group of compounds including compounds having the structure I, tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers.

In the second group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —O-alkyl groups, O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁴ is selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

The invention provides a third group of compounds including compounds having the structure I, tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers.

In the third group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OH, SH, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH2, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In the third group of compounds, at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, or R⁸ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; —OR¹⁹ groups where R¹⁹ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; —NR²⁰R²¹ groups where R²⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups; —NR²⁰R²¹ groups where R²¹ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; or —C(═O)R²⁵ groups where R²⁵ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

The invention provides a fourth group of compounds having the structure I, tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers.

In the fourth group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OH, SH, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In the fourth group of compounds, at least one of R¹, R², R³, or R⁴ is an —OR¹⁵ group and R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups.

Preferred compounds in any of the first, second, or third groups described above are provided in which Z is an —NR¹⁴. Preferred compound of the fourth group are also provided in which Z is an —NR¹⁰ group.

Preferred compounds according to the first, second, third, and fourth groups of compounds are provided in which Y is an —OR¹⁰ group, an-NR¹²R¹³ group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group.

Other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups are provided in which R¹ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

Still further provided are compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups in which R² is selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, and substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

Still further provided are compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups in which R⁶ or R⁷ is an alkyl group. Still further preferred compounds of the four groups are those in which R⁶ or R⁷ is an —OR¹⁹ group and R⁹ is an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclyl group, or a heterocyclylalkyl group.

Preferred compounds of the fourth group of compounds are provided in which R¹ is an —OR¹⁵ group and R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups.

The invention further provides compounds having the structure II. The invention provides tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers. Structure II has the following formula

where:

Y is selected from H, —OH, —OR¹⁰ groups, —SH, —SR¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, —C(═O)—R¹⁴ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ are selected from C or N, and at least one of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ is N;

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups, —SH, —SR¹⁹ groups, —S(═O)R²⁰ groups, S(═O)₂R²¹ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; R⁵ is absent or is H if X¹ is N; R⁶ is absent or is H if X² is N; R⁷ is absent or is H if X³ is N; and R⁸ is absent or is H if X⁴ is N;

R⁹ is selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹¹ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁴ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹² and R¹³ may join together to form a 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted N-containing ring;

R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (aryl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, or —NH₂ groups;

R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may join together to form a 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted N-containing ring; and

R¹⁸, R²⁰, and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups.

Preferred compounds having structure II are also provided where Y is selected from H, —OH, —OR¹⁰ groups, or —NR¹²R¹³ groups.

Still other preferred compounds having structure II are provided where at least two of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ are C and the corresponding substituents R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are hydrogen, and at least one of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ is N, and the rest of the compound is consistent with any of the above-described compounds.

Still other more preferred compounds of structure II are provided in which R⁶ or R⁷ is an alkyl group and the rest of the compound is consistent with any of the above-described compounds.

Still other compounds of structure II are provided in which R⁶ or R⁷ is an —OR¹⁵ group and R¹⁵ is an alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl group and the rest of the molecule is consistent with any of the above-described compounds.

Still further compounds having the formula of structure II are provided in which R¹ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

Still other compounds having the Structure II are provided in which In other compounds having the structure II, R² is selected from H, F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups.

Pharmaceutical formulations according to the present invention are provided which include any of the compounds described above in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A method of treating a patient in need of an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase is provided which includes administering an effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention to a patient in need thereof.

Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel compounds that act as antagonists of receptor tyrosine kinases, and, more particularly, as inhibitors of bFGF and/or VEGF-RTK function. The compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical formulations that are useful in treating patients with a need for an inhibitor of VEGF-RTK, especially, in particular embodiments, to provide compositions and methods for reducing capillary proliferation and in the treatment of cancer.

The following abbreviations and definitions are used throughout this application:

“VEGF” is an abbreviation that stands for vascular endothelial growth factor.

“RTK” is an abbreviation that stands for receptor tyrosine kinase.

“VEGF-RTK” is an abbreviation that stands for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase.

“Flt-1” is an abbreviation that stands for fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 or “VEGFR1”.

“KDR” is an abbreviation that stands for kinase-insert domain-containing receptor, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 or “VEGFR2”.

“bFGF” is an abbreviation that stands for basic fibroblast growth factor.

“bFGFR” is an abbreviation that stands for basic fibroblast growth factor receptor.

Generally, reference to a certain element such as hydrogen or H is meant to include all isotopes of that element. For example, if an R group is defined to include hydrogen or H, it also includes deuterium and tritium.

The phrase “unsubstituted alkyl” refers to alkyl groups that do not contain heteroatoms. Thus the phrase includes straight chain alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like. The phrase also includes branched chain isomers of straight chain alkyl groups, including but not limited to, the following which are provided by way of example: —CH(CH₃)₂, —CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), —CH(CH₂CH₃)₂, —C(CH₃)₃, —C(CH₂CH₃)₃, —CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, —CH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), —CH₂CH(CH₂CH₃)₂, —CH₂C(CH₃)₃, —CH₂C(CH₂CH₃)₃, —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), —CH₂CH₂CH(CH₂CH₃)₂, —CH₂CH₂C(CH₃)₃, —CH₂CH₂C(CH₂CH₃)₃, —CH(CH₃)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂, —CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)₂, —CH(CH₂CH₃)CH(CH₃)CH(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃), and others. The phrase also includes cyclic alkyl groups such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl and such rings substituted with straight and branched chain alkyl groups as defined above. The phrase also includes polycyclic alkyl groups such as, but not limited to, adamantyl norbornyl, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl and such rings substituted with straight and branched chain alkyl groups as defined above. Thus, the phrase unsubstituted alkyl groups includes primary alkyl groups, secondary alkyl groups, and tertiary alkyl groups. Unsubstituted alkyl groups may be bonded to one or more carbon atom(s), oxygen atom(s), nitrogen atom(s), and/or sulfur atom(s) in the parent compound. Preferred unsubstituted alkyl groups include straight and branched chain alkyl groups and cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. More preferred such unsubstituted alkyl groups have from 1 to 10 carbon atoms while even more preferred such groups have from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Most preferred unsubstituted alkyl groups include straight and branched chain alkyl groups having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and —CH(CH₃)₂.

The phrase “substituted alkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which one or more bonds to a carbon(s) or hydrogen(s) are replaced by a bond to non-hydrogen and non-carbon atoms such as, but not limited to, a halogen atom in halides such as F, Cl, Br, and I; and oxygen atom in groups such as hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, and ester groups; a sulfur atom in groups such as thiol groups, alkyl and aryl sulfide groups, sulfone groups, sulfonyl groups, and sulfoxide groups; a nitrogen atom in groups such as amines, amides, alkylamines, dialkylamines, arylamines, alkylarylamines, diarylamines, N-oxides, imides, and enamines; a silicon atom in groups such as in trialkylsilyl groups, dialkylarylsilyl groups, alkyldiarylsilyl groups, and triarylsilyl groups; and other heteroatoms in various other groups. Substituted alkyl groups also include groups in which one or more bonds to a carbon(s) or hydrogen(s) atom is replaced by a bond to a heteroatom such as oxygen in carbonyl, carboxyl, and ester groups; nitrogen in groups such as imines, oximes, hydrazones, and nitriles. Preferred substituted alkyl groups include, among others, alkyl groups in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen atom is/are replaced by one or more bonds to fluorine atoms. One example of a substituted alkyl group is the trifluoromethyl group and other alkyl groups that contain the trifluoromethyl group. Other alkyl groups include those in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen atom is replaced by a bond to an oxygen atom such that the substituted alkyl group contains a hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy group, or heterocyclyloxy group. Still other alkyl groups include alkyl groups that have an amine, alkylamine, dialkylamine, arylamine, (alkyl)(aryl)amine, diarylamine, heterocyclylamine, (alkyl)(heterocyclyl)amine, (aryl)(heterocyclyl)amine, or diheterocyclylamine group.

The phrase “unsubstituted aryl” refers to aryl groups that do not contain heteroatoms. Thus the phrase includes, but is not limited to, groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, anthracenyl, naphthenyl by way of example. Although the phrase “unsubstituted aryl” includes groups containing condensed rings such as naphthalene, it does not include aryl groups that have other groups such as alkyl or halo groups bonded to one of the ring members, as aryl groups such as tolyl are considered herein to be substituted aryl groups as described below. A preferred unsubstituted aryl group is phenyl. Unsubstituted aryl groups may be bonded to one or more carbon atom(s), oxygen atom(s), nitrogen atom(s), and/or sulfur atom(s) in the parent compound, however.

The phrase “substituted aryl group” has the same meaning with respect to unsubstituted aryl groups that substituted alkyl groups had with respect to unsubstituted alkyl groups. However, a substituted aryl group also includes aryl groups in which one of the aromatic carbons is bonded to one of the non-carbon or non-hydrogen atoms described above and also includes aryl groups in which one or more aromatic carbons of the aryl group is bonded to a substituted and/or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group as defined herein. This includes bonding arrangements in which two carbon atoms of an aryl group are bonded to two atoms of an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl group to define a fused ring system (e.g. dihydronaphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl). Thus, the phrase “substituted aryl” includes, but is not limited to tolyl, and hydroxyphenyl among others.

The phrase “unsubstituted alkenyl” refers to straight and branched chain and cyclic groups such as those described with respect to unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above, except that at least one double bond exists between two carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to vinyl, —CH═C(H)(CH₃), —CH═C(CH₃)₂, —C(CH₃)═C(H)₂, —C(CH₃)═C(H)(CH₃), —C(CH₂CH₃)═CH₂, cyclohexenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexadienyl, butadienyl, pentadienyl, and hexadienyl among others.

The phrase “substituted alkenyl” has the same meaning with respect to unsubstituted alkenyl groups that substituted alkyl groups had with respect to unsubstituted alkyl groups. A substituted alkenyl group includes alkenyl groups in which a non-carbon or non-hydrogen atom is bonded to a carbon double bonded to another carbon and those in which one of the non-carbon or non-hydrogen atoms is bonded to a carbon not involved in a double bond to another carbon.

The phrase “unsubstituted alkynyl” refers to straight and branched chain groups such as those described with respect to unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above, except that at least one triple bond exists between two carbon atoms. Examples include, but are not limited to —C≡C(H), —C≡C(CH₃), —C≡C(CH₂CH₃), —C(H₂)C≡C(H), —C(H)₂C≡C(CH₃), and —C(H)₂C≡C(CH₂CH₃) among others.

The phrase “substituted alkynyl” has the same meaning with respect to unsubstituted alkynyl groups that substituted alkyl groups had with respect to unsubstituted alkyl groups. A substituted alkynyl group includes alkynyl groups in which a non-carbon or non-hydrogen atom is bonded to a carbon triple bonded to another carbon and those in which a non-carbon or non-hydrogen atom is bonded to a carbon not involved in a triple bond to another carbon.

The phrase “unsubstituted aralkyl” refers to unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above in which a hydrogen or carbon bond of the unsubstituted alkyl group is replaced with a bond to an aryl group as defined above. For example, methyl (—CH₃) is an unsubstituted alkyl group. If a hydrogen atom of the methyl group is replaced by a bond to a phenyl group, such as if the carbon of the methyl were bonded to a carbon of benzene, then the compound is an unsubstituted aralkyl group (i.e., a benzyl group). Thus the phrase includes, but is not limited to, groups such as benzyl, diphenylmethyl, and 1-phenylethyl (—CH(C₆H₅)(CH₃)) among others.

The phrase “substituted aralkyl” has the same meaning with respect to unsubstituted aralkyl groups that substituted aryl groups had with respect to unsubstituted aryl groups. However, a substituted aralkyl group also includes groups in which a carbon or hydrogen bond of the alkyl part of the group is replaced by a bond to a non-carbon or a non-hydrogen atom. Examples of substituted aralkyl groups include, but are not limited to, —CH₂C(═O)(C₆H₅), and —CH₂(2-methylphenyl) among others.

The phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclyl” refers to both aromatic and nonaromatic ring compounds including monocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic ring compounds such as, but not limited to, quinuclidyl, containing 3 or more ring members of which one or more is a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, N, O, and S. Although the phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclyl” includes condensed heterocyclic rings such as benzimidazolyl, it does not include heterocyclyl groups that have other groups such as alkyl or halo groups bonded to one of the ring members as compounds such as 2-methylbenzimidazolyl are substituted heterocyclyl groups. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to: unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to pyrrolyl, pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl (e.g. 4H-1,2,4-triazolyl, 1H-1,2,3-triazolyl, 2H-1,2,3-triazolyl etc.), tetrazolyl, (e.g. 1H-tetrazolyl, 2H tetrazolyl, etc.); saturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl; condensed unsaturated heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolizinyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl; unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, etc.); saturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, morpholinyl; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, for example, benzoxazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzoxazinyl (e.g. 2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl etc.); unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (e.g. 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,5-thiadiazolyl, etc.); saturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, thiazolodinyl; saturated and unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms such as, but not limited to, thienyl, dihydrodithiinyl, dihydrodithionyl, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic rings containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms such as, but not limited to, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzothiazinyl (e.g. 2H-1,4-benzothiazinyl, etc.), dihydrobenzothiazinyl (e.g. 2H-3,4-dihydrobenzothiazinyl, etc.), unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing oxygen atoms such as, but not limited to furyl; unsaturated condensed heterocyclic rings containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms such as benzodioxolyl (e.g. 1,3-benzodioxoyl, etc.); unsaturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms such as, but not limited to, dihydrooxathiinyl; saturated 3 to 8 membered rings containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms such as 1,4-oxathiane; unsaturated condensed rings containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms such as benzothienyl, benzodithiinyl; and unsaturated condensed heterocyclic rings containing an oxygen atom and 1 to 2 oxygen atoms such as benzoxathiinyl. Heterocyclyl group also include those described above in which one or more S atoms in the ring is double-bonded to one or two oxygen atoms (sulfoxides and sulfones). For example, heterocyclyl groups include tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiophene oxide, and tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide. Preferred heterocyclyl groups contain 5 or 6 ring members. More preferred heterocyclyl groups include morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine in which the S atom of the thiomorpholine is bonded to one or more O atoms, pyrrole, homopiperazine, oxazolidin-2-one, pyrrolidin-2-one, oxazole, quinuclidine, thiazole, isoxazole, furan, and tetrahydrofuran.

The phrase “substituted heterocyclyl” refers to an unsubstituted heterocyclyl group as defined above in which one of the ring members is bonded to a non-hydrogen atom such as described above with respect to substituted alkyl groups and substituted aryl groups. Examples, include, but are not limited to, 2-methylbenzimidazolyl, 5-methylbenzimidazolyl, 5-chlorobenzthiazolyl, 1-methyl piperazinyl, and 2-chloropyridyl among others.

The phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl” refers to unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above in which a hydrogen or carbon bond of the unsubstituted alkyl group is replaced with a bond to a heterocyclyl group as defined above. For example, methyl (—CH₃) is an unsubstituted alkyl group. If a hydrogen atom of the methyl group is replaced by a bond to a heterocyclyl group, such as if the carbon of the methyl were bonded to carbon 2 of pyridine (one of the carbons bonded to the N of the pyridine) or carbons 3 or 4 of the pyridine, then the compound is an unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl group.

The phrase “substituted heterocyclylalkyl” has the same meaning with respect to unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups that substituted aralkyl groups had with respect to unsubstituted aralkyl groups. However, a substituted heterocyclylalkyl group also includes groups in which a non-hydrogen atom is bonded to a heteroatom in the heterocyclyl group of the heterocyclylalkyl group such as, but not limited to, a nitrogen atom in the piperidine ring of a piperidinylalkyl group.

The phrase “unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to a nitrogen atom that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above. For example, methyl (—CH₃) is an unsubstituted alkyl group. If a hydrogen atom of the methyl group is replaced by a bond to a nitrogen atom that is bonded to a hydrogen atom and an ethyl group, then the resulting compound is —CH₂—N(H)(CH₂CH₃) which is an unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl group.

The phrase “substituted alkylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl group as defined above except where one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen atom in one or both of the alkyl groups is replaced by a bond to a non-carbon or non-hydrogen atom as described above with respect to substituted alkyl groups except that the bond to the nitrogen atom in all alkylaminoalkyl groups does not by itself qualify all alkylaminoalkyl groups as being substituted. However, substituted alkylaminoalkyl groups does include groups in which the hydrogen bonded to the nitrogen atom of the group is replaced with a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom.

The phrase “unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon bond or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to a nitrogen atom which is bonded to two other similar or different unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above.

The phrase “substituted dialkylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl group as defined above in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen atom in one or more of the alkyl groups is replaced by a bond to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom as described with respect to substituted alkyl groups. The bond to the nitrogen atom in all dialkylaminoalkyl groups does not by itself qualify all dialkylaminoalkyl groups as being substituted.

The phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon bond or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to an oxygen atom which is bonded to an unsubstituted heterocyclyl group as defined above.

The phrase “substituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl group as defined above in which a bond to a carbon or hydrogen group of the alkyl group of the heterocyclyloxyalkyl group is bonded to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom as described above with respect to substituted alkyl groups or in which the heterocyclyl group of the heterocyclyloxyalkyl group is a substituted heterocyclyl group as defined above.

The phrase “unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon bond or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to a nitrogen atom which is bonded to at least one unsubstituted aryl group as defined above.

The phrase “substituted arylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl group as defined above except where either the alkyl group of the arylaminoalkyl group is a substituted alkyl group as defined above or the aryl group of the arylaminoalkyl group is a substituted aryl group except that the bonds to the nitrogen atom in all arylaminoalkyl groups does not by itself qualify all arylaminoalkyl groups as being substituted. However, substituted arylaminoalkyl groups does include groups in which the hydrogen bonded to the nitrogen atom of the group is replaced with a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom.

The phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to a nitrogen atom which is bonded to at least one unsubstituted heterocyclyl group as defined above.

The phrase “substituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl” refers to unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups as defined above in which the heterocyclyl group is a substituted heterocyclyl group as defined above and/or the alkyl group is a substituted alkyl group as defined above. The bonds to the nitrogen atom in all heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups does not by itself qualify all heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups as being substituted. However, substituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups do include groups in which the hydrogen bonded to the nitrogen atom of the group is replaced with a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom.

The phrase “unsubstituted alkylaminoalkoxy” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to an oxygen atom which is bonded to the parent compound and in which another carbon or hydrogen bond of the unsubstituted alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom which is bonded to a hydrogen atom and an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above.

The phrase “substituted alkylaminoalkoxy” refers to unsubstituted alkylaminoalkoxy groups as defined above in which a bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom of the alkyl group bonded to the oxygen atom which is bonded to the parent compound is replaced by one or more bonds to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atoms as discussed above with respect to substituted alkyl groups and/or if the hydrogen bonded to the amino group is bonded to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom and/or if the alkyl group bonded to the nitrogen of the amine is bonded to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom as described above with respect to substituted alkyl groups. The presence of the amine and alkoxy functionality in all alkylaminoalkoxy groups does not by itself qualify all such groups as substituted alkylaminoalkoxy groups.

The phrase “unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy” refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above in which a carbon or hydrogen bond is replaced by a bond to an oxygen atom which is bonded to the parent compound and in which another carbon or hydrogen bond of the unsubstituted alkyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom which is bonded to two other similar or different unsubstituted alkyl groups as defined above.

The phrase “substituted dialkylaminoalkoxy” refers to an unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy group as defined above in which a bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom of the alkyl group bonded to the oxygen atom which is bonded to the parent compound is replaced by one or more bonds to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atoms as discussed above with respect to substituted alkyl groups and/or if one or more of the alkyl groups bonded to the nitrogen of the amine is bonded to a non-carbon and non-hydrogen atom as described above with respect to substituted alkyl groups. The presence of the amine and alkoxy functionality in all dialkylaminoalkoxy groups does not by itself qualify all such groups as substituted dialkylaminoalkoxy groups.

The phrase “unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy” refers to a hydroxyl group (—OH) in which the bond to the hydrogen atom is replaced by a bond to a ring atom of an otherwise unsubstituted heterocyclyl group as defined above.

The phrase “substituted heterocyclyloxy” refers to a hydroxyl group (—OH) in which the bond to the hydrogen atom is replaced by a bond to a ring atom of an otherwise substituted heterocyclyl group as defined above.

The term “protected” with respect to hydroxyl groups, amine groups, and sulfhydryl groups refers to forms of these functionalities which are protected from undesirable reaction with a protecting group known to those skilled in the art such as those set forth in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Greene, T. W.; Wuts, P. G. M., John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., (3rd Edition, 1999) which can be added or removed using the procedures set forth therein. Examples of protected hydroxyl groups include, but are not limited to, silyl ethers such as those obtained by reaction of a hydroxyl group with a reagent such as, but not limited to, t-butyldimethyl-chlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, triisopropylchlorosilane, triethylchlorosilane; substituted methyl and ethyl ethers such as, but not limited to methoxymethyl ether, methythiomethyl ether, benzyloxymethyl ether, t-butoxymethyl ether, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl ether, tetrahydropyranyl ethers, 1-ethoxyethyl ether, allyl ether, benzyl ether; esters such as, but not limited to, benzoylformate, formate, acetate, trichloroacetate, and trifluoracetate. Examples of protected amine groups include, but are not limited to, amides such as, formamide, acetamide, trifluoroacetamide, and benzamide; imides, such as phthalimide, and dithiosuccinimide; and others. Examples of protected sulfhydryl groups include, but are not limited to, thioethers such as S-benzyl thioether, and S-4-picolyl thioether; substituted S-methyl derivatives such as hemithio, dithio and aminothio acetals; and others.

A “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” includes a salt with an inorganic base, organic base, inorganic acid, organic acid, or basic or acidic amino acid. As salts of inorganic bases, the invention includes, for example, alkali metals such as sodium or potassium; alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium or aluminum; and ammonia. As salts of organic bases, the invention includes, for example, trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. As salts of inorganic acids, the instant invention includes, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydroboric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. As salts of organic acids, the instant invention includes, for example, formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid. As salts of basic amino acids, the instant invention includes, for example, arginine, lysine and ornithine. Acidic amino acids include, for example, aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

Generally, the invention provides compounds including having the structure I. The invention also provides tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers. Structure I has the following formula:

Preferred compounds having structure I are those within one of four groups.

In the first group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl), —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —O-alkyl groups, O-aryl groups, heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, heterocyclyloxy groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In other embodiments of the invention, compounds of formula I above include a second group of compounds having the substituents described below:

Y is selected from —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ is selected from the group consisting of —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —O-alkyl groups, O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁴ is selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides a third group of compounds having the general formula I above with substituents selected from the following:

Y is selected from —OH, SH, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In the third group of compounds, at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, or R⁸ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted saturated heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; —OR¹⁹ groups where R¹⁹ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; —NR²⁰R²¹ groups where R²⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups; —NR²⁰R²¹ groups where R²¹ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; or —C(═O)R²⁵ groups where R²⁵ is selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention encompasses compounds of formula I in which the substituents described below define a fourth group of compounds:

Y is selected from —OH, SH, alkylthio groups, arylthio groups, —OR¹⁰ groups, —C(═O)—R¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups;

Z is selected from O, S, or NR¹⁴ groups;

R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups;

R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R⁹ and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups;

R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

R¹¹ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups;

R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups;

R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups;

R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and

R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In the fourth group of compounds, at least one of R¹, R², R³, or R⁴ is an —OR¹⁵ group and R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups.

In the first, second, or third group of compounds Z is preferably an —NR¹⁴ group, more preferably where R¹⁴ is H. Preferred compounds of the fourth group include those compounds in which Z is an —NR¹⁰ group, more preferably where R¹⁰ is H.

Y is preferably an —OR¹⁰ group, an —NR¹²R¹³ group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group, or more preferably is an —NR¹²N¹³ group in the first, second, third, and fourth groups of compounds. In more preferred compounds of the first group, Y is a NR¹²R¹³ group and R¹² is H. In more preferred compounds of the second and third groups, Y is a NR¹²R¹³ group and one or both of R¹² and R¹³ are H.

Other preferred compounds of the first, second, and third groups include those where Y is selected from —N(CH₃)₂, —NH(CH₃), —NH(CH₂CH₃), —N(CH₂CH₃)₂, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —NHNH₂, —NHN(CH₃)₂, —N(CH₃)NH(CH₃), —NH(CH₂)_(m)NH₂ groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)NH₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)—NH(alkyl) groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —NH(CH₂)_(n)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(alkyl)[(CH₂)_(n)(heterocyclyl)] groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)OH groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)OCH₃ groups, —NHCH₂CH(NH₂)CH(CH₃)₂, —NH(2-aminocyclohexyl), —NH(cyclohexyl), —NHOCH₃, —NH(N-morpholinyl), —NH(quinuclidyl), especially —NH(quinuclid-3-yl), or groups where R¹² and R¹³ join to form a substituted or unsubstituted saturated 5 or 6 membered N-containing ring, where m is an integer ranging from 2 to 4 such as 2, 3, or 4 and n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3 such as 0, 1, 2, or 3.

More preferred compounds of the first, second, and third also include those in which Y is selected from —NH(5-benzimidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂, —NH(CH₂)₂OH, —NH(CH₂)(4-imidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-imidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)(4-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(2-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(2-tetrahydrofuranyl), —NH(CH₂)(4-piperidinyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-piperidinyl), —NH(CH₂)₂[2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl)], —NH(CH₂)₂(2-pyrrolidinyl), —NH(CH₂)[2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl)], —NH(CH₂)(2-pyrrolidinyl), —NH(3-piperidinyl), or —NH(3-pyrrolidinyl).

Preferred compounds of the first and second groups include those compounds where R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are all H. Other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those where R¹ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocyclyl-, or aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl- or aryl-aminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkoxy groups. Still other compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those in which R¹ is selected from F, Cl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocyclyl-, or aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkoxy groups. Particular examples include: —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₂(N-morpholinyl), —N-morpholinyl, —N-cis-dialkylmorpholinyl, —N-(4-alkyl)piperazinyl, —OCH₂CH₂N(alkyl)₂ groups, —OCH₂CH₂NH(alkyl) groups, —OCH₂CH₂NH₂, —OCH₂CH₂NH(aryl) groups, —OCH₂CH₂N(aryl)₂ groups, —OCH₂CH₂N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, alkoxy groups, —O(4-piperidinyl), —O[4-(1-alkyl)piperidinyl] groups, —O[3-(1-alkyl)piperidinyl] groups, —O[3-quinuclidinyl], —OCH₂(2-pyridyl), —OCH₂(4-pyridyl), —O(3-pyrrolidinyl), or —O[3-(1-alkyl)pyrrolidinyl] groups.

Still other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those in which R² is selected from F, Cl, —NO₂, —OCH₃, N-morpholinyl, —N-cis-dialkylmorpholinyl, —N-(4-alkyl)piperazinyl, or —OCH₂(2-pyridyl). Other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those where R² is selected from H, F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups. Yet other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those where R² is selected from F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocycyl-, and aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl- and diaryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl- and aryl-aminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl- and diaryl-aminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylaminoalkoxy groups.

Still further preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those where R⁶ is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms. In other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups, R⁷ is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms. Still further preferred compounds of the four groups are those in which R⁶ or R⁷ is an —OR¹⁹ group and R¹⁹ is an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclyl group, or a heterocyclylalkyl group.

In still other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups, R⁶ or R⁷ is a —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, more preferably where the heterocyclyl group of the —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group is a heterocycle selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted furan, substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuran, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrothiophene, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

In groups including heterocyclyl groups, the heterocyclyl may be attached in various ways. For example, in the —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group, the heterocyclyl group may be bonded to a methylene carbon of the —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q) group of the —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) through various ring members. By way of non-limiting example, where q is 1 and the heterocyclyl group is tetrahydrofuran, the group could be represented by the formula —OCH₂CH₂(tetrahydrofuranyl) which corresponds to the following two structures:

where structure III represents the group that can be referred to as the —OCH₂CH₂(2-tetrahydrofuranyl) group and structure IV represents the group that can be referred to as the —OCH₂CH₂(3-tetrahydrofuranyl) group. When the heterocyclyl group is a N-containing heterocycle, such as, but not limited to piperidine, piperazine, morpholine, or pyrrolidine, the heterocycle can be bonded to the methylene carbon through a ring carbon atom or through a nitrogen atom in the ring of the N-containing heterocycle. Both of these are preferred. Where the heterocyclyl group is a piperidine and q is 2 for an —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group, the following structures are possible and preferred:

Structure V is an example of a —O(CH₂)₃(N-piperidinyl) or —O(CH₂)₃(1-piperidinyl) group. Structure VI is an example of a —O(CH₂)₃-(2-piperidinyl) group. Structure VII is an example of a —O(CH₂)₃(3-piperidinyl) group. Structure VIII is an example of a —O(CH₂)₃(4-piperidinyl) group. Where the heterocyclyl group is a piperazine and q is 1 for an —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group, the following structures are possible and preferred:

Structure IX is an example of a —O(CH₂)₂(2-piperazinyl) group, and structure X is an example of a —O(CH₂)₂(1-piperazinyl) or —O(CH₂)₂(N-piperazinyl) group. Where the heterocyclyl group is a morpholine and q is 1 for an —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group, the following structures are possible and preferred:

Structure XI is an example of a —O(CH₂)₂(3-morpholinyl) group, structure XII is an example of a —O(CH₂)₂(4-morpholinyl) or —O(CH₂)₂(N-morpholinyl) group, and structure XIII is an example of a —O(CH₂)₂(2-morpholinyl) group. It will be observed that where the group is a pyrrolidine, and q is 1, the structures available include —O(CH₂)₂(1-pyrrolidinyl) or —O(CH₂)₂(N-pyrrolidinyl), —O(CH₂)₂(2-pyrrolidinyl), and —O(CH₂)₂(3-pyrrolidinyl).

Yet other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those where at least one of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group, more specifically a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group comprising at least one O or N atom, still more particularly a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group selected from morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrrole, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine in which the S atom of the thiomorpholine group is bonded to one or more O atoms, homopiperazine, benzimidazole, oxazolidin-2-one, pyrrolidin-2-one, imidazole, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, furan, pyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, or pyridine.

Other preferred compounds of the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those in which at least one of R¹⁹ or R²¹ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, including: —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH(alkyl) groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH(aryl) groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(aryl)₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, or —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)(heterocyclyl) groups, wherein p is an integer ranging from 0 to 4 and the heterocyclyl group of the —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)(heterocyclyl) group is a N-containing heterocycle selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

Still further preferred compounds according to the first, second, third, and fourth groups include those in which R²⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, or N-containing heterocycles. In such compounds, the N-containing heterocycles are bonded to the carbonyl carbon of the —C(═O)—R²⁵ group through either a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom in the rings of the N-containing heterocycles. In more preferred such compounds that are provided, the N-containing heterocycle of the R²⁵ group is selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

Preferred compounds according to the first, third, and fourth groups of compounds are also those where R⁹ is H.

Preferred compounds of the fourth group of compounds include those where R¹ is an —OR¹⁵ group and R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups.

Other particularly preferred inhibitors of VEGF-RTK are compounds having the structure II, tautomers of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the tautomers. Structure II has the following formula:

In compounds having structure II, Y is selected from H, —OH, —OR¹⁰ groups, —SH, —SR¹¹ groups, —NR¹²R¹³ groups, —CN, —C(═O)—R¹⁴ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups.

In preferred compounds of structure II, Y is selected from H, —OH, —OR⁹ groups, or —NR¹¹R¹² groups. More preferably, Y is a —NR¹¹R¹² group. Still more preferably, Y is a —NR¹¹R¹² group and both R¹¹ and R¹² are hydrogen. In other preferred compounds having the structure II, Y is selected from —N(CH₃)₂, —NH(CH₃), —NH(CH₂CH₃), —N(CH₂CH₃)₂, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —NHNH₂, —NHN(CH₃)₂, —N(CH₃)NH(CH₃), —NH(CH₂)_(m)NH₂ groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)NH₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)NH(alkyl) groups, —N(alkyl)(CH₂)_(m)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —NH(CH₂)_(n)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(alkyl)[(CH₂)_(n)(heterocyclyl)] groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)OH groups, —NH(CH₂)_(m)OCH₃ groups, —NHCH₂CH(NH₂)CH(CH₃)₂, —NH(2-aminocyclohexyl), —NH(cyclohexyl), —NHOCH₃, —NH(N-morpholinyl), —NH(quinuclidyl), especially —NH(quinuclid-3-yl), and groups where R¹¹ and R¹² join to form a substituted or unsubstituted saturated 5 or 6 membered N-containing ring, where m is 2, 3, or 4 and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3. Still more preferred compounds of this type are those in which Y is selected from —NH(5-benzimidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)₂, —NH(CH₂)₂OH, —NH(CH₂)(4-imidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-imidazolyl), —NH(CH₂)(4-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(2-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-pyridyl), —NH(CH₂)(2-tetrahydrofuranyl), —NH(CH₂)(4-piperidinyl), —NH(CH₂)(3-piperidinyl), —NH(CH₂)₂[2-(N-methyl-pyrrolidinyl)], —NH(CH₂)₂(2-pyrrolidinyl), —NH(CH₂)[2-(N-methylpyrrolidinyl)], —NH(CH₂)(2-pyrrolidinyl), —NH(3-piperidinyl), or —NH(3-pyrrolidinyl).

In compounds of structure II, X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ are selected from C or N and at least one of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ is N. In some preferred compounds of structure II, X¹ is N, R⁵ is absent or H, and X², X³, and X⁴ are all C. In other preferred compounds of structure II, X² is N, R⁶ is absent or H, and X¹, X³, and X⁴ are C. In other preferred compounds of structure II, X³ is N, R⁷ is absent or H, and X¹, X², and X⁴ are all C. In still other preferred compounds of structure II, X⁴ is N, R⁸ is absent or H, and X¹, X², and X³ are all C.

In compounds of structure II, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —CN, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups, —SH, —SR¹⁹ groups, —S(═O)R²⁰ groups, S(═O)₂R²¹ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups. In compounds of structure II, R⁵ is absent or is H if X¹ is N, R⁶ is absent or is H if X² is N, R⁷ is absent or is H if X³ is N, and R⁸ is absent or is H if X⁴ is N.

Some preferred compounds have the structure II where at least one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, or R⁸ is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group, and, in more particular embodiments, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl group selected from morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, pyrrolidine, pyrazole, pyrrole, thiomorpholine, homopiperazine, benzimidazole, oxazolidin-2-one, pyrrolidin-2-one, imidazole, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, furan, pyran, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and pyridine.

Still other preferred compounds having structure II are those in which R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ are H. In some preferred embodiments, R¹ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocyclyl-, or aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl- or aryl-aminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkoxy groups. In other preferred compounds, R¹ is selected from F, Cl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocyclyl-, or aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkoxy groups. Particular examples include: —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₂(N-morpholinyl), —N-morpholinyl, —N-cis-dimethylmorpholinyl, —N-(4-alkyl)piperazinyl, —OCH₂CH₂N(alkyl)₂ groups, —OCH₂CH₂NH(alkyl) groups, —OCH₂CH₂NH₂, —OCH₂CH₂NH(aryl) groups, —OCH₂CH₂N(aryl)₂ groups, alkoxy groups, —OCH₂CH₂N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —O(4-piperidinyl), —O[4-(1-alkyl)piperidinyl] groups, —O[3-(1-alkyl)piperidinyl] groups, —O[3-quinuclidinyl], —OCH₂(2-pyridyl), —OCH₂(4-pyridyl), —O(3-pyrrolidinyl), —O[3-(1-alkyl)pyrrolidinyl], or other —O(heterocyclyl) groups not listed in this paragraph.

In other compounds having the structure II, R² is selected from F, Cl, —NO₂, —OCH₃, —N-morpholinyl, —N-cis-dialkylmorpholinyl, —N-(4-alkyl)piperazinyl, or —OCH₂(2-pyridyl). In yet other compounds having the structure II, R² is selected from H, F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups. Yet other preferred compounds having the structure II include those where R² is selected from F, Cl, —NO₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, heterocycyl-, and aryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl- and diaryl-aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl- and aryl-aminoalkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkyl- and diaryl-aminoalkoxy groups, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylarylaminoalkoxy groups.

In some preferred compounds having structure II, at least two of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ are C and the corresponding substituents R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are hydrogen, and at least one of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ is N. In yet other preferred compounds having structure II, three of R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ are hydrogen and one of X¹, X², X³, and X⁴ is N. In still other more preferred compounds of structure II, R⁶, R⁷, or both R⁶ and R⁷ are alkyl groups such as those having from one to four carbon atoms. In yet other preferred compounds of structure II, R⁶ or R⁷ is an —OR¹⁴ group and R¹⁴ is an alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl group. In still further compounds of structure II, R⁶ or R⁷ is a —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)(heterocyclyl) group and q is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In more preferred compounds in which R⁶ or R⁷ is a —OCH₂(CH₂)_(q)-(heterocyclyl) group, the heterocyclyl group of the —OCH₂(CH₂)_(n)(heterocyclyl) group is a heterocycle selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine in which the S atom of the thiomorpholine group is bonded to one or more O atoms, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted furan, substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuran, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrothiophene, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

In compounds of structure II, R⁹ is selected from H, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, or —C(═O)-aryl groups. One group of particularly preferred compounds of structure II are those in which R⁹ is hydrogen.

In compounds of structure II, R¹⁰ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups;

In compounds of structure II, R¹¹ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups whereas R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.

In compounds of structure II, R¹³ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)N H(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups. R¹² and R¹³ may join together to form a 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted N-containing ring.

In compounds of structure II, R¹⁴ is selected from H, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, or —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups.

In compounds of structure II, R¹⁵ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups.

In compounds of structure II, R¹⁶ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups whereas R¹⁷ is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (aryl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)-Oheterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, or —NH₂ groups. R¹⁶ and R¹⁷ may join together to form a 5 to 7 membered saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted N-containing ring.

Finally, in compounds of structure II, R¹⁸, R²⁰, and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups.

Compounds having the structure II may include those in which R¹⁸ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, or N-containing heterocycles, and the N-containing heterocycles are bonded to the carbonyl carbon of the —C(═O)—R¹⁸ group through either a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom in the rings of the N-containing heterocycles. In still more preferred compounds in which R¹⁸ is a N-containing heterocycle, the N-containing heterocycle of the R¹⁸ group is selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

Other preferred compounds having structure II are provided in which R¹⁵ or R¹⁷ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups including: —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH(alkyl) groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)NH(aryl) groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(aryl)₂ groups, —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, or —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)(heterocyclyl) groups, where p is an integer ranging from 0 to 4 and the heterocyclyl group of the —CH₂(CH₂)_(p)(heterocyclyl) group is a N-containing heterocycle selected from substituted or unsubstituted morpholine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidine, substituted or unsubstituted piperazine, substituted or unsubstituted piperidine, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,4-triazole, substituted or unsubstituted tetrazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiomorpholine, substituted or unsubstituted homopiperazine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidin-2-one, substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, or substituted or unsubstituted benzothiazole.

Compounds of structure I are readily synthesized from simple starting molecules as shown in the following Examples. Compounds of structure I may generally be prepared using benzene substituted with nitrile or carboxylic acid groups in addition to other optional groups.

Compounds of structure I may be synthesized from simple starting molecules as shown in Schemes 1-4 and exemplified in the Examples. As shown in Scheme 1, compounds of structure I may generally be prepared using aromatic compounds substituted with amines and carboxylic acid groups.

As shown in Scheme 1, a substituted aromatic compound such as a substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzoic acid may be reacted with an acyl halide such as methyl 2-(chlorocarbonyl)acetate to produce an amide that will react with a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-diaminobenzene. The resulting product is a 4-hydroxy-substituted compound of structure I. One skilled in the art will recognize that the procedure set forth in Scheme 1 may be modified to produce various compounds.

A method for preparing 4-amino substituted compounds of structure I is shown in Scheme 2. As shown in Scheme 2, aromatic compounds substituted with amine and nitrile groups may be used to synthesize 4-amino substituted compounds of structure I. A compound such as ethyl 2-cyanoacetate may be reacted with ethanol to produce ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride. Subsequent reaction with a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-phenylenediamine provides substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate. Reaction of a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate with an aromatic compound having an amine and nitrile group such as substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile with a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide or a Lewis acid such as tin tetrachloride provides the substituted or unsubstituted 4-amino substituted compound of structure I.

Scheme 3 illustrates a general synthetic route that allows for the synthesis of 4-dialkylamino and 4-alkylamino compounds of structure I. An inspection of Scheme 3 shows that 4-hydroxy substituted compounds of structure I may be converted into the 4-chloro derivative by reaction with phosphorous oxychloride or thionyl chloride. The 4-chloro derivative may then be reacted with an alkylamine or dialkylamine to produce the corresponding 4-alkylamino or 4-dialkylamino derivative. Deprotection affords the final 4-alkylamino or 4-dialkylamino compounds of structure I. Other groups that may be reacted with the 4-chloro derivative in this manner include, but are not limited to, ROH, RSH, and CuCN.

As shown in Scheme 4, the synthesis of compounds of structure I having a H, alkyl group, aryl group, or heterocyclyl group in the 4-position may be accomplished using a substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate prepared as shown in Schemes 2 and 3.

Heteroaromatic diamines may be used as precursors of compounds of structure II. The synthesis of compounds of structure II where Y═NH₂ is depicted in Scheme 5.

A compound such as ethyl cyanoacetate may be condensed with a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle containing two ortho amino groups such as substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-diaminopyridine to obtain a substituted or unsubstituted 2-imidazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-ylethanenitrile, which may subsequently be hydrolyzed in acidic medium to provide a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-imidazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-ylacetate. As an alternate route, a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-imidazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-ylacetate may be obtained from a compound such as the hydrochloride salt of 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate and a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-diaminopyridine. Reaction of a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-imidazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-ylacetates with an aromatic compound having an amine and nitrile group such as substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile with a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide provides the substituted or unsubstituted compound of structure II.

The instant invention also provides for compositions which may be prepared by mixing one or more compounds of the instant invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers thereof, with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, binders, diluents or the like, to treat or ameliorate a variety of disorders related to the activity of VEGF-RTK, more particularly angiogenesis associated with cancer. A therapeutically effective dose further refers to that amount of one or more compounds of the instant invention sufficient to result in amelioration of symptoms of the disorder. The pharmaceutical compositions of the instant invention can be manufactured by methods well known in the art such as conventional granulating, mixing, dissolving, encapsulating, lyophilizing, emulsifying or levigating processes, among others. The compositions can be in the form of, for example, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, syrup, suppositories, injections, emulsions, elixirs, suspensions or solutions. The instant compositions can be formulated for various routes of administration, for example, by oral administration, by transmucosal administration, by rectal administration, or subcutaneous administration as well as intrathecal, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraocular or intraventricular injection. The compound or compounds of the instant invention can also be administered in a local rather than a systemic fashion, such as injection as a sustained release formulation. The following dosage forms are given by way of example and should not be construed as limiting the instant invention.

For oral, buccal, and sublingual administration, powders, suspensions, granules, tablets, pills, capsules, gelcaps, and caplets are acceptable as solid dosage forms. These can be prepared, for example, by mixing one or more compounds of the instant invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers thereof, with at least one additive or excipient such as a starch or other additive. Suitable additives or excipients are sucrose, lactose, cellulose sugar, mannitol, maltitol, dextran, sorbitol, starch, agar, alginates, chitins, chitosans, pectins, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, gelatins, collagens, casein, albumin, synthetic or semi-synthetic polymers or glycerides, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Optionally, oral dosage forms can contain other ingredients to aid in administration, such as an inactive diluent, or lubricants such as magnesium stearate, or preservatives such as paraben or sorbic acid, or anti-oxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol or cysteine, a disintegrating agent, binders, thickeners, buffers, sweeteners, flavoring agents or perfuming agents. Additionally, dyestuffs or pigments may be added for identification. Tablets and pills may be further treated with suitable coating materials known in the art.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may be in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, syrups, elixirs, suspensions, slurries and solutions, which may contain an inactive diluent, such as water. Pharmaceutical formulations may be prepared as liquid suspensions or solutions using a sterile liquid, such as, but not limited to, an oil, water, an alcohol, and combinations of these. Pharmaceutically suitable surfactants, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, may be added for oral or parenteral administration.

As noted above, suspensions may include oils. Such oil include, but are not limited to, peanut oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil and olive oil. Suspension preparation may also contain esters of fatty acids such as ethyl oleate, isopropyl myristate, fatty acid glycerides and acetylated fatty acid glycerides. Suspension formulations may include alcohols, such as, but not limited to, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol, glycerol and propylene glycol. Ethers, such as but not limited to, poly(ethyleneglycol), petroleum hydrocarbons such as mineral oil and petrolatum; and water may also be used in suspension formulations.

For nasal administration, the pharmaceutical formulations may be a spray or aerosol containing and appropriate solvents and optionally other compounds such as, but not limited to, stabilizers, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, pH modifiers, surfactants, bioavailability modifiers and combinations of these. A propellant for an aerosol formulation may include compressed air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or a hydrocarbon based low boiling solvent. The compound or compounds of the instant invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from a nebulizer or the like.

Injectable dosage forms generally include aqueous suspensions or oil suspensions which may be prepared using a suitable dispersant or wetting agent and a suspending agent. Injectable forms may be in solution phase or in the form of a suspension, which is prepared with a solvent or diluent. Acceptable solvents or vehicles include sterilized water, Ringer's solution, or an isotonic aqueous saline solution. Alternatively, sterile oils may be employed as solvents or suspending agents. Preferably, the oil or fatty acid is non-volatile, including natural or synthetic oils, fatty acids, mono-, di- or tri-glycerides.

For injection, the pharmaceutical formulation may be a powder suitable for reconstitution with an appropriate solution as described above. Examples of these include, but are not limited to, freeze dried, rotary dried or spray dried powders, amorphous powders, granules, precipitates, or particulates. For injection, the formulations may optionally contain stabilizers, pH modifiers, surfactants, bioavailability modifiers and combinations of these. The compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection such as by bolus injection or continuous infusion. A unit dosage form for injection may be in ampoules or in multi-dose containers.

For rectal administration, the pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of a suppository, an ointment, an enema, a tablet or a cream for release of compound in the intestines, sigmoid flexure and/or rectum. Rectal suppositories are prepared by mixing one or more compounds of the instant invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or tautomers of the compound, with acceptable vehicles, for example, cocoa butter or polyethylene glycol, which is present in a solid phase at normal storing temperatures, and present in a liquid phase at those temperatures suitable to release a drug inside the body, such as in the rectum. Oils may also be employed in the preparation of formulations of the soft gelatin type and suppositories. Water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, and glycerols may be employed in the preparation of suspension formulations which may also contain suspending agents such as pectins, carbomers, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, as well as buffers and preservatives.

Besides those representative dosage forms described above, pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and carries are generally known to those skilled in the art and are thus included in the instant invention. Such excipients and carriers are described, for example, in “Remingtons Pharmaceutical Sciences” Mack Pub. Co., New Jersey (1991), which is incorporated herein by reference.

The formulations of the invention may be designed for to be short-acting, fast-releasing, long-acting, and sustained-releasing as described below. Thus, the pharmaceutical formulations may also be formulated for controlled release or for slow release.

The instant compositions may also comprise, for example, micelles or liposomes, or some other encapsulated form, or may be administered in an extended release form to provide a prolonged storage and/or delivery effect. Therefore, the pharmaceutical formulations may be compressed into pellets or cylinders and implanted intramuscularly or subcutaneously as depot injections or as implants such as stents. Such implants may employ known inert materials such as silicones and biodegradable polymers.

Specific dosages may be adjusted depending on conditions of disease, the age, body weight, general health conditions, sex, and diet of the subject, dose intervals, administration routes, excretion rate, and combinations of drugs. Any of the above dosage forms containing effective amounts are well within the bounds of routine experimentation and therefore, well within the scope of the instant invention.

A therapeutically effective dose may vary depending upon the route of administration and dosage form. The preferred compound or compounds of the instant invention is a formulation that exhibits a high therapeutic index. The therapeutic index is the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects which can be expressed as the ratio between LD₅₀ and ED₅₀. The LD₅₀ is the dose lethal to 50% of the population and the ED₅₀ is the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population. The LD₅₀ and ED₅₀ are determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in animal cell cultures or experimental animals.

“Treating” within the context of the instant invention, means an alleviation of symptoms associated with a disorder or disease, or halt of further progression or worsening of those symptoms, or prevention or prophylaxis of the disease or disorder. For example, within the context of treating patients in need of an inhibitor of VEGF-RTK, successful treatment may include a reduction in the proliferation of capillaries feeding a tumor or diseased tissue, an alleviation of symptoms related to a cancerous growth or tumor, proliferation of capillaries, or diseased tissue, a halting in capillary proliferation, or a halting in the progression of a disease such as cancer or in the growth of cancerous cells. Treatment may also include administering the pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention in combination with other therapies. For example, the compounds and pharmaceutical formulations of the present invention may be administered before, during, or after surgical procedure and/or radiation therapy. The compounds of the invention can also be administered in conjunction with other anti-cancer drugs including those used in antisense and gene therapy.

A method of treating a patient in need of an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase includes administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical formulation according to the invention to a patient in need thereof.

A method for inhibiting tumor growth in a patient includes administering an effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient having a tumor.

A method for inhibiting the proliferation of capillaries in a patient includes administering an effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to a patient in need.

A method of preparing pharmaceutical formulations includes mixing any of the above-described compounds with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and water or an aqueous solution.

The present invention, thus generally described, will be understood more readily by reference to the following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

EXAMPLES

The following abbreviations are used in the Examples:

ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin DMA: N,N-Dimethylacetamide DMF: N,N-Dimethylformamide dppf: 1,1′(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene DTT: DL-Dithiothreitol EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid EtOAc: Ethyl acetate EtOH: Ethanol HBTU: O-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate IC₅₀ value: The concentration of an inhibitor that causes a 50% reduction in a measured activity. LiHMDS: Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide MeOH: Methanol NMP: N-methylpyrrolidone THF: Tetrahydrofuran

The compounds were named using Nomenclator (v. 3.0 & v. 5.0) from CmemInovation Software, Inc. and ACD/Name v. 4.53.

The various aryl diamine starting materials used to synthesize benzimidazole acetates may be obtained from commercial sources, prepared by methods know to one of skill in the art, or prepared by the following general Methods 1-15.

2,4-Difluoronitrobenzene (1.0 eq) was placed in a dry round-bottomed flask equipped with a dry ice condenser charged with acetone and dry ice. Ammonia was condensed into the flask and the resulting solution was stirred at reflux for 7 hours. A yellow precipitate formed within 1 hour. After 7 hours, the condenser was removed and the liquid ammonia was allowed to evaporate over several hours. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (85:15 hexanes:ethyl acetate, product at R_(t)=0.32, contaminant at R_(f)=0.51); GC/MS m/z 156.1 (M+), R_(t) 11.16 minutes.

The resulting 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenylamine (1.0 eq) and an amine (1.1 eq) e.g. N-methyl piperazine, were dissolved in NMP and triethylamine (2.0 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. for 3 hours. The solution was then cooled to room temperature and diluted with water. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to provide the 2-nitro-diamino product. Alternatively, the same product may be obtained from commercially available 5-chloro-2-nitrophenylamine under identical conditions except heating at 130° C. for 1-2 days. In some examples, the displacement on either 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenylamine or 5-chloro-2-nitrophenylamine can be conducted in neat amine (5 eq) at 100° C. or 130° C., respectively. The product is isolated in an identical manner. LC/MS m/z 237.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.304 minutes.

The nitroamine (1.0 eq) and 10% Pd/C (0.1 eq) was suspended in anhydrous ethanol at room temperature. The reaction flask was evacuated and subsequently filled with H₂. The resulting mixture was then stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The resulting solution was filtered through Celite and concentrated under vacuum to provide the crude product which was used without further purification.

A round-bottom flask was charged with 2,3-difluoro-6-nitrophenylamine (1 eq) and enough NMP to make a viscous slurry. An amine (5 eq), e.g. N-methyl piperazine, was added and the solution was heated at 100° C. After 2 hours, the solution was cooled and poured into water. A bright yellow solid formed which was filtered and dried. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to provide the crude product which was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 225.1 (MH+), R_(t) 0.335 minutes.

To a 0.1 M DMF solution of 1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene was added Et₃N (2 eq) followed by an amine (1 eq), e.g. morpholine. The mixture was stirred for 18 hours and then diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. LC/MS m/z 227.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.522 minutes. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Ammonia was condensed into a bomb containing the crude product. The bomb was sealed and heated to 100° C. (over 400 psi). After 72 hours the bomb was allowed to cool and the ammonia was evaporated to provide a reddish solid. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to provide the crude product which was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 194.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.199 minutes.

To a stirred NMP solution containing NaH (1.3 eq) was added an alcohol (1.0 eq), e.g. 2-methyloxyethanol. The resulting mixture was then stirred for 30 minutes. A slurry of 5-fluoro-2-nitrophenylamine in NMP was then added slowly. The mixture was then heated to 100° C. After 2 hours, the reaction mixture was cooled and water was added. The mixture was then filtered and the captured solid was washed with water and purified by silica gel chromatography (1:1 ethyl acetate:hexane). LC/MS m/z 213.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.24 minutes. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to provide the crude product which was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 183.1 (MH+), R_(t) 0.984 minutes.

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.1 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (1.0 eq), triphenylphosphine (1.1 eq), and an alcohol, e.g. N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine (1.0 eq), in tetrahydrofuran at 0° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 18 hours. The solvent was evaporated, and the product was purified by silica gel chromatography (98:2 CH₂Cl₂:methanol) to yield 4-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-2-nitrophenylamine as a dark reddish-brown oil. LC/MS m/z 268.0 (MH+), R_(t) 1.01 minutes. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to give the crude product which was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 238.3 (MH+), R_(t) 0.295 minutes.

To a flask charged with 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (1 eq), K₂CO₃ (2 eq), and 2-butanone was added an alkyl dibromide, e.g. 1,3-dibromopropane (1.5 eq). The resulting mixture was then heated at 80° C. for 18 hours. After cooling, the mixture was filtered, concentrated, and diluted with water. The solution was then extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×) and the combined organic layers were concentrated to give a solid that was then washed with pentane. LCMS m/z 275.1 (MH+), R_(t) 2.74 minutes.

An acetonitrile solution of the bromide prepared above, an amine, e.g. pyrrolidine (5 eq), Cs₂CO₃ (2 eq) and Bu₄NI (0.1 eq) was heated at 70° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, washed with water, and concentrated to give the desired nitroamine, 2-nitro-4-(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenylamine. LCMS m/z 266.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.51 minutes. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to provide the crude product which was used without further purification.

To a suspension of 6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1 eq) in acetonitrile was added an amine, e.g. morpholine (4 eq). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 5 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue triturated with ether to provide the desired compound as a bright yellow powder. LC/MS m/z 225.0 (MH+), R_(t) 1.79 minutes. The nitroamine was reduced as in Method 1 to provide the crude product which was used without further purification.

A phenol (1 equivalent) and 5-chloro-2-nitro aniline (1 equivalent) were dissolved in DMF, and solid K₂CO₃ (2 equivalents) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, most of the DMF was distilled off, and water was added to the residue to obtain a precipitate. The solid was dried and purified by chromatography on silicagel (2-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product. The nitroamine was reduced as in method 1 to give the crude product that was used without further purification.

Furthermore, the introduction of substituents on the benzimidazole ring need not be limited to the early stages of the synthesis and may arise after formation of the quinolinone ring. For example, the crude methyl ester shown in the figure above was dissolved in a 1:1 mixture of EtOH and 30% aqueous KOH and stirred overnight at 70° C. The reaction mixture was then cooled and acidified with 1N HCl to give a precipitate. The solid was filtered, washed with water and dried to obtain 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylic acid 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-3-hydroquinolyl)benzimidazole-6-carboxylic acid as a brown solid. LC/MS m/z: 321.1 (MH+), R_(t) 2.26 minutes.

A mixture of 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylic acid (1 eq) the amine (1 eq), EDC (1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, 1.2 eq), HOAT (1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole, 1.2 eq) and triethylamine (2.5 eq) in DMF, was stirred at 23° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried (Na₂SO₄) and concentrated. Water was added and the precipitate thus formed was filtered off and dried to afford the desired product.

The various 2-amino benzoic acid starting materials used to synthesize isatoic anhydrides may be obtained from commercial sources, prepared by methods know to one of skill in the art, or prepared by the following general Methods 10-11. General isatoic anhydride synthesis methods are described in J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24 (6), 735 and J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12(3), 565.

Compounds 1-3 were made using similar procedures as found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,341. Compound 3 was reduced using standard hydrogenation conditions of 10% Pd/C in NH₄OH at 50° C. over 48 hours. The product was precipitated by neutralizing with glacial acetic acid, filtering, and washing with water and ether. Yields were about 50%. Compound 5 was prepared in a manner similar to that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,716,993.

Iodination of aniline containing compounds: Iodination was done by a similar procedure as in J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 6, 917-922. The anthranilic ester in EtOH was added to a mixture of silver sulfate (1 equivalent) and I₂ (1 equivalent). The reaction was typically done after 3 hours at room temperature. The reaction was filtered through celite and concentrated. The residue was taken up in EtOAc and washed with aqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (3×), water (3×), brine (1×), dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated. The crude product (−5 g) was dissolved in MeOH (60-100 ml), NaOH 6N (25 ml), and water (250 ml). The reactions were typically done after heating at 70-80° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×), neutralized with aqueous HCl, filtered to collect the solids, and the solid products were washed with water. The products were dried in vacuo.

In various instances, substitutions on the quinolinone ring may also be introduced after coupling as shown in the general methods 12-15.

Conversion of the C-6 or C-7 halides to an acid group was accomplished using procedures in the following references—Koga, H.; et al., Tet. Let., 1995, 36, 1, 87-90 and Fukuyama, T.; et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 3125-3126.

Conversion of the C-6 or C-7 halides to a cyano group was accomplished using procedures in the following reference—Anderson, B. A.; et al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 8224-828.

Conversion of the C-6 or C-7 halides to an aryl group was accomplished using standard Suzuki or Stille procedures such as described below.

Suzuki Method: To a 1 dram (4 ml) vial was added sequentially the quinolone (1 equivalent), boronic acid (1.2-1.5 equivalents), Pd(dppf)Cl₂. Cl₂CH₂ (0.2 equivalents), DMF (0.5-1 ml) and TEA (4 equivalents). The reaction was flushed with argon, capped and heated at 85° C. for 12 hours. Once done, the reaction is cooled to room temperature, and filtered with a syringe filter disk. The clear solution is then neutralized with TFA (a couple of drops) and injected directly onto a preparative HPLC. The products are lyophilized to dryness.

Stille Method: To a 1 dram (4 ml) vial was added sequentially the quinolone (1 equivalent), tin reagent (1.8 equivalent), Pd(dppf)Cl₂. Cl₂CH₂ (0.2 equivalents), and DMF (0.5-1 ml). The reaction was flushed with argon, capped and heated at 60-85° C. for 4 hours. Once done, the reaction is cooled to room temperature, and filtered with a syringe filter disk. The clear solution is then neutralized with TFA (a couple of drops) and injected directly onto a preparative HPLC. The products are lyophilized to dryness.

A dihaloquinolone such as a difluoroquinolone (12-15 mg) was placed in a 1 dram (2 ml) vial. NMP (dry and pre-purged with argon for 5 minutes) was added to the vial (0.5 ml). The amine reagent (40-50 mg) was added next. If the amine was an HCl salt, the reaction was neutralized with TEA (˜1.2-1.5 equivalents). The reaction was purged again with argon for about 5 seconds, and immediately capped. The reaction was typically heated in a heating block at 90-95° C. for 18 hours. The reaction was followed by HPLC or LCMS. After taking samples for HPLC, the vial was purged with argon again and capped. Some coupling partners took 24 or 48 hours to reach completion. Less nucleophilic amines like pyrrole required the addition of a strong base to reach completion. In these cases, cesium carbonate (2 equivalents based on the amine used) was added to the reaction. Once done, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, and filtered with a syringe filter disk. The clear solution was then neutralized with TFA (a couple of drops) and injected directly onto a preparative HPLC. The products were lyophilized to dryness.

Example 1 Ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate

A solution of 1,2-phenylenediamine (1.0 eq) and ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (1.3 eq) in ethanol was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water and CH₂Cl₂ were added to the residue. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent removed. The solid recovered was used without purification. LC/MS m/z 205.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.44 minutes.

5-(4-Methylpiperazinyl)-2-nitrobenzenecarbonitrile

5-Fluoro-2-nitrobenzenecarbonitrile (1.02 eq) and N-methylpiperazine (1.0 eq) were dissolved in NMP. Triethylamine (2.1 eq) was added, and the resulting solution heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into H₂O. A precipitate formed which was filtered to yield the desired product as a green solid. LC/MS m/z 247.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.46 minutes.

2-Amino-5-(4-methylpiperazinyl)benzenecarbonitrile

5-(4-Methylpiperazinyl)-2-nitrobenzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) was dissolved in EtOAc. The flask was purged with nitrogen, and 10% Pd/C (0.1 eq) was added. The flask was evacuated and purged with H₂ three times. The resulting mixture was stirred for three days at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through Celite and the filter pad was washed with EtOAc. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a yellow solid which was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:1:95 MeOH:Et₃N:EtOAc) to give the desired product as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 217.3 (MH+), R_(t) 0.95 minutes.

Method A

4-Amino-3-benzimidazol-2-yl-6-(4-methylpiperazinyl)hydroquinolin-2-one

Ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate (1.1 eq) and 2-amino-5-(4-methylpiperazinyl)benzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) were dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane, and then SnCl₄ (11 eq) was added. The mixture was heated at reflux overnight. Upon cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. NaOH (3 M) was added to the solid, and the mixture heated at 80° C. for 0.5 hours. The solid was filtered and washed sequentially with H₂O, CH₂Cl₂, and acetone. LC/MS indicated that the product was present in the acetone layer and the solid. These fractions were combined and purified by silica gel chromatography (5-10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% Et₃N) to give the desired product. LC/MS m/z 375.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.65 minutes.

Example 2 6-Amino-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzenecarbonitrile

4-(Hydroxyethyl)morpholine (1.02 eq) was added to NaH (1.2 eq) in NMP. After 10 minutes, 6-amino-2-fluorobenzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) was added in NMP. The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The mixture was then cooled and poured into H₂O. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to a yield a brown gum. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:1:95 MeOH:Et₃N:EtOAc) to give the desired product. LC/MS m/z 248.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.26 minutes.

4-Amino-3-benzimidazol-2-yl-5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using 6-amino-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzenecarbonitrile. LC/MS m/z 406.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.67 minutes.

Example 3 4-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-2-nitrophenylamine

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (1.1 eq) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 4-amino-3-nitrophenol (1.0 eq), triphenylphosphine (1.1 eq), and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholine (1.0 eq), in THF at 0° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and left to stir for 18 hours. The solvent was evaporated and the product was purified by silica gel chromatography (98:2 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH) to yield a dark reddish-brown oil. LC/MS m/z 268.0 (MH+), R_(t) 1.01 minutes.

4-(2-Morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzene-1,2-diamine

To a solution 4-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-2-nitrophenylamine (1.0 eq) in EtOH was added Pd/C (0.1 eq). The reaction vessel was repeatedly purged with nitrogen, then stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 18 hours. The product was filtered through a Celite plug, and the plug washed with EtOH. The diamine was used without purification. LC/MS m/z 238.3 (MH+), R_(t) 0.295 minutes.

Ethyl 2-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1 using 4-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzene-1,2-diamine. The organic layer was concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10:1:2 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:EtOAc) to yield a dark reddish brown oil. LC/MS m/z 334.4 (MH+) R_(t) 1.08 minutes.

4-Amino-3-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzimidazol-2-yl]-6-nitrohydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using ethyl 2-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate and 5-nitroanthranilonitrile. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (5-10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% Et₃N) to give the desired product. LC/MS m/z 451.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.89 minutes.

Example 4 4-Amino-5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-3-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-benzimidazol-2-yl]hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using ethyl 2-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate and 6-amino-2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzenecarbonitrile. LC/MS m/z 535.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.44 minutes.

Example 5 2-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1 using 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:95 MeOH:CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired product as a white to off-white solid. LC/MS m/z 249.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.35 minutes.

Ethyl 2-[5-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate

2-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (1.0 eq) was dissolved in THF. HBTU (1.1 eq) and diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq) were added, followed by dimethylamine (2.0 M in THF, 1.1 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight then concentrated and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:95 MeOH:CH₂Cl₂) to afford the desired compound. LC/MS m/z 276.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.18 minutes.

[2-(4-amino-2-oxo(3-hydroquinolyl))benzimidazol-5-yl]-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using ethyl 2-[5-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate and anthranilonitrile. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with water followed by acetone to afford the desired product as a white solid. LC/MS m/z 348.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.87 minutes.

Example 6 4-Amino-3-[5-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]hydroquinolin-2-one

2-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)methyl]benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (1.0 eq) was dissolved in THF. HBTU (1.1 eq) and diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq) were added, followed by morpholine (1.1 eq). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 3 days then concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography (5-10% methanol/dichloromethane). The product-containing fractions were concentrated and dissolved in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane. Anthranilonitrile (1.0 eq) was added followed by SnCl₄ (5.0 eq) and the reaction was heated at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting residue was re-dissolved in NaOH (2 M) and heated at 90° C. for 4 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the resulting solid was collected and washed with water followed by acetone to afford the desired product. LC/MS m/z 390.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.95 minutes.

Example 7 4-Bromobenzene-1,2-diamine

A solution of 4-bromo-2-nitroaniline (1.0 eq) and SnCl₂ (2.2 eq) in EtOH was heated at reflux for 3 hours. After this time, the solution was poured onto ice, brought to pH 10 with 2M NaOH and extracted with Et₂O. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated. The resulting brown oil was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-50% EtOAc:hexanes) to provide a light yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 187.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.33 minutes.

2-Nitro-4-(2-thienyl)phenylamine

4-Bromo-2-nitroaniline (1.0 eq) and Na₂CO₃ (2.0 eq) were dissolved in DMF/H₂O (5:1) at room temperature. Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 5 minutes and PdCl₂(dppf)₂ (0.1 eq) was added. After stirring at 23° C. for approximately 10 minutes, 2-thiopeneboronic acid (1.1 eq) in DMF was added and the reaction was heated at 90° C. for 12 hours. After this time, the solution was concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting black residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (0-20% EtOAc:hexanes) to yield an orange solid. LC/MS m/z 221.1 (MH+), R_(t) 2.67 minutes.

Ethyl 2-[5-(2-thienyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate

2-Nitro-4-(2-thienyl)phenylamine (1.0 eq) and 10% Pd/C (0.1 eq) were suspended in anhydrous EtOH at room temperature. The reaction flask was evacuated and subsequently filled with H₂. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir under a hydrogen atmosphere for 3 hours. Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (2.0 eq) was then added and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 12 hours. After this time, the solution was filtered through a plug of Celite, concentrated, dissolved in 50 ml of 2N HCl and washed with CH₂Cl₂. The aqueous layer was brought to pH 12 with concentrated NH₄OH(aq) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated to yield a brown oil which was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:95 MeOH:CH₂Cl₂) to provide a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 287.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.98 minutes.

4-Amino-3-[5-(2-thienyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using ethyl 2-[5-(2-thienyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate and anthranilonitrile. LC/MS m/z 359.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.68 minutes.

Example 8 5-Fluoro-2-nitrophenylamine

2,4-Difluoronitrobenzene (1.0 eq) was placed in a dry round-bottomed flask equipped with a dry ice condenser charged with acetone/dry ice. Ammonia was condensed into the flask and the resulting solution was stirred at reflux for 7 hours. A yellow precipitate was formed within 1 hours. After 7 hours, the condenser was removed and the liquid ammonia was allowed to evaporate over several hours. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel (85:15 hexanes:EtOAc, product at R_(f)=0.32, contaminant at R_(f)=0.51). GC/MS m/z 156.1 (M+), R_(t) 11.16 minutes.

2-Nitro-5-[1-(1,2,4-triazolyl)]phenylamine

5-Fluoro-2-nitrophenylamine (1.0 eq), 1H-1,2,4-triazole (3.0 eq) and NaH (3.0 eq) in NMP were heated at 100° C. for 1 hour. The solution was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured onto ice water. The resulting precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum to yield the desired product. The resulting solid was recrystallized from EtOH to afford pure product as a bright yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 206.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.88 minutes.

Ethyl 2-{5-[1-(1,2,4-triazolyl)]benzimidazol-2-yl}acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using 2-nitro-5-[1-(1,2,4-triazolyl)]phenylamine. LC/MS m/z 272.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.19 minutes.

4-Amino-3-{5-[1-(1,2,4-triazolyl)]benzimidazol-2-yl}hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1, Method A using ethyl 2-{5-[1-(1,2,4-triazolyl)]benzimidazol-2-yl}acetate and anthranilonitrile. The crude solid was collected and purified by silica gel chromatography (92:7:1 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:Et₃N). LC/MS m/z 344.3 (MH+), R_(t) 2.01 minutes.

Example 9

Method B

N-(4-Chloro-2-cyanophenyl)-2-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetamide

LiHMDS (2.5 eq) was added to ethyl 2-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate (1.0 eq) in THF at −78° C. After 1 hour, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzenecarbonitrile (0.82 eq) in THF was added. The reaction was allowed to warm to 23° C. and stirred overnight. The resulting mixture was quenched with NH₄Cl (aqueous saturated solution) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown solid. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:1 EtOAc:hexane) to give the desired product. LC/MS m/z 396.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.79 minutes.

4-Amino-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

N-(4-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)-2-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetamide (1.0 eq) was heated in NaOMe (0.5 M in MeOH, 18 eq) at 70° C. for 2 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled, and the resulting solid was filtered and washed with water to give the desired product. LC/MS m/z 396.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.13 minutes.

Example 10 2-Nitro-5-piperidylphenylamine

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 8 using piperidine (3.0 eq, excess acts as base in place of NaH). The desired product was obtained as a yellow, crystalline solid. LC/MS m/z 222.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.53 minutes.

Ethyl 2-(5-piperidylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using 2-nitro-5-piperidylphenylamine. The desired product was obtained as a yellow oil. LC/MS m/z 288.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.31 minutes.

4-amino-3-(5-piperidylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using ethyl 2-(5-piperidylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate and anthranilonitrile. The acyclic amide was used crude in the NaOMe cyclization step. The desired product was obtained following purification by silica gel chromatography (96.5:3.0:0.5 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:Et₃N, R_(f) 0.2). LC/MS m/z 360.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.83 minutes.

Example 11 [1-(3-Amino-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]dimethylamine

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 8 using 3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidine (3.0 eq, excess amine was used as the base in place of NaH). LC/MS m/z 251.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.25 minutes.

Ethyl 2-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidinyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using [1-(3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]dimethylamine. The desired product was obtained as a yellow oil. LC/MS m/z 317.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.36 minutes.

2-{5-[3-(Dimethylamino)pyrrolidinyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}-N-(4-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using ethyl 2-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidinyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}acetate. LC/MS m/z 423.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.67 minutes.

4-Amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidinyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}-6-chlorohydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using 2-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidinyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}-N-(4-chloro-2-cyanophenyl)acetamide. LC/MS m/z 423.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.71 minutes.

Example 12 Ethyl 2-[5-(dimethylamino)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using (3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)dimethylamine. The resulting tan film was purified by silica gel chromatography (5:1:94 MeOH:Et₃N:CH₂Cl₂) to give the desired product. LC/MS 248.3 m/z (MH+), R_(t) 1.24 minutes.

2-[5-(Dimethylamino)benzimidazol-2-yl]-N-(2-cyanophenyl)acetamide

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using ethyl 2-[5-(dimethylamino)benzimidazol-2-yl]acetate and anthranilonitrile. LC/MS m/z 320.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.68 minutes.

4-Amino-3-[5-(dimethylamino)benzimidazol-2-yl]hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using 2-[5-(dimethylamino)benzimidazol-2-yl]-N-(2-cyanophenyl)acetamide. LC/MS m/z 320.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.72 minutes.

Example 13 Ethyl 2-(5-cyanobenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using 4-amino-3-nitro-benzonitrile. LC/MS m/z 230.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.29 minutes.

2-(4-Amino-2-oxo-3-hydroquinolyl)benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using ethyl 2-(5-cyanobenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate and anthranilonitrile (no acyclic amide observed so the NaOMe step was not needed). LC/MS m/z 302.3 (MH+), R_(t) 2.62 minutes.

Example 14 2-(4-Amino-2-oxo-3-hydroquinolyl)benzimidazole-5-carboxamidine

2-(4-Amino-2-oxo-3-hydroquinolyl)benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile (1.0 eq) in EtOH was placed into a glass bomb, cooled to 0° C. and HCl (g) was bubbled through for 15 minutes. The bomb was then sealed, brought to room temperature and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOH in a glass bomb and cooled to 0° C. NH₃ (g) was bubbled through for 15 minutes and the bomb was sealed and heated to 80° C. for 5 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC. LC/MS m/z 319.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.70 minutes.

Example 15 4-Amino-3-[5-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)-benzimidazol-2-yl]hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 9, Method B using anthranilonitrile. The crude acyclic amide was used without purification in the NaOMe cyclization step. The crude final product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (DMSO/5% TFA). LC/MS m/z 406.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.56 minutes.

Example 16 5-Morpholin-4-yl-2-nitrophenylamine

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 8 using morpholine (3.0 eq, excess amine was used as the base in place of NaH). LC/MS m/z 224.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.89 minutes.

Ethyl 2-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using 5-morpholin-4-yl-2-nitrophenylamine. The crude yellow oil was purified by silica gel chromatography (89.5:10:0.5 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:Et₃N) to yield the desired product as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 290.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.31 minutes.

Method C

4-Hydroxy-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

To a solution of ethyl 2-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate (1.0 eq) in anhydrous THF at −78° C. under an atmosphere of nitrogen was added LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 3.1 eq) and the solution was stirred for 1 hour. A solution of 1-benzylbenzo[d]1,3-oxazaperhydroine-2,4-dione (1.05 eq) in anhydrous THF was then added dropwise and the resulting solution was allowed to warm to 0° C. over 1 hour. The resulting mixture was quenched with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (4 times). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo, and the crude material was dissolved in toluene and heated at reflux for 16 hours. The toluene was removed in vacuo and the crude material was used without further purification. The product was obtained as a white solid. LC/MS m/z 453.1 (MH+), R_(t) 2.91 minutes.

4-Hydroxy-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

Crude 4-hydroxy-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one (1.0 eq) was dissolved in trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and heated at 40° C. for 16 hours. The resulting solution was diluted with water and neutralized with 6 N NaOH (aq), whereupon a yellow precipitate formed. The crude solid was isolated by centrifugation and purified by reversed-phase HPLC to produce the desired product as a bright yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 363.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.77 minutes.

Example 17 N-[1-(3-Amino-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl](tert-butoxy)carboxamide

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 8 using 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyrrolidine (1.01 eq) with diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq) as the base (in place of NaH). The product was obtained as an orange, crystalline solid. LC/MS m/z 323.3 (MH+), R_(t) 2.53 minutes.

Ethyl 2-(5-{3-[(tert-butoxy)carbonylamino]pyrrolidinyl}benzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using N-[1-(3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl](tert-butoxy)carboxamide. The product was obtained as a yellow oil. LC/MS m/z 323.3 (MH+), R_(t) 2.53 minutes.

3-[5-(3-aminopyrrolidinyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxyhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized following the procedure described in Example 16, Method C using ethyl 2-(5-{3-[(tert-butoxy)carbonylamino]pyrrolidinyl}benzimidazol-2-yl)acetate. The product was obtained as a yellow solid following cleavage of the benzyl group (see procedure in Example 15). LC/MS m/e 362.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.55 minutes.

Example 18 (3-Amino-4-nitrophenyl)[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamine

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 8 using 1,1,4-trimethylethylenediamine (1.01 eq) with diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq) as the base (in place of NaH). The product was obtained as a bright yellow, crystalline solid. LC/MS m/z 239.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.29 minutes.

Ethyl 2-(5-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}benzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 7 using (3-amino-4-nitrophenyl)[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamine. The desired product was obtained as a yellow oil. LC/MS m/z 305.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.17 minutes.

3-(5-{[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 16, Method C using ethyl 2-(5-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}benzimidazol-2-yl)acetate. The product was obtained as a pale yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 468.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.26 minutes.

3-(5-{[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 16, Method C using 3-(5-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]methylamino}benzimidazol-2-yl)₄-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC to yield the product as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 378.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.99 minutes.

Example 19

Method D

4-Chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

A solution of 4-hydroxy-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one (1.0 eq) and POCl₃ in a dry, round-bottomed flask was heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The excess POCl₃ was removed in vacuo and the crude material was quenched with water. The crude product was collected by filtration and purified by silica gel chromatography (1:9 MeOH:CH₂Cl₂). 4-Chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one was isolated as a red solid. LC/MS m/z 471.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.35 minutes.

4-[(2-Methoxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

A solution of 4-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one (1.0 eq) and EtOH was treated with 2-methoxyethyl-amine (10 eq) at room temperature. The resulting solution was heated at reflux for 16 hours and then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude solid was sonicated in water, filtered, sonicated in hexanes, and filtered again. The crude product was used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 510.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.20 minutes.

4-[(2-Methoxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

4-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one was debenzylated using the procedure described in Example 16 to produce the title compound. LC/MS m/z 420.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.57 minutes. 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one was produced as a side product (see below).

4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a side-product of the debenzylation of 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16 and was isolated by reversed-phase HPLC as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 406.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.39 minutes.

Example 20 4-(Methoxyamino)-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using O-methylhydroxylamine. The product was used without purification.

4-(Methoxyamino)-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-(methoxyamino)-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 392.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.82 minutes.

Example 21 tert-Butyl-3-{[3-(5-morpholin-4-yl benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine. The product was used without purification.

3-(5-Morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(3-piperidylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The product was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of tert-butyl-3-{[3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}piperidinecarboxylate using the procedure described in Example 16. The t-butoxycarbonyl group is removed under the reaction conditions. LC/MS m/z 445.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.73 minutes.

Example 22 tert-Butyl-3-({[3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}methyl)piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-aminomethylpiperidine. The product was used without purification.

3-(5-Morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(3-piperidylmethyl)amino]-hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of tert-butyl-3-({[3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}methyl)piperidinecarboxylate using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 459.6 (MH+), R_(t) 1.71 minutes.

Example 23 4-{[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1,1-dimethylethylenediamine. The product was used without purification.

4-{[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 433.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.55 minutes.

Example 24 3-(5-Morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 2-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran. The product was used without purification.

3-(5-Morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 446.5 (MH+), R_(t) 2.19 minutes.

Example 25 4-{[2-(Methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-1-methylethylenediamine. The product was used without purification.

4-{[2-(Methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. The t-butoxycarbonyl group is removed under the reaction conditions. LC/MS m/z 419.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.50 minutes.

Example 26 tert-Butyl-3-{[3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}pyrrolidinecarboxylate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidine. The product was used without purification.

3-(5-Morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of tert-butyl-3-{[3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}pyrrolidinecarboxylate using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 431.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.50 minutes.

Example 27 4-[((2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using (2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-methylpentylamine. The product was used without purification.

4-[((2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-[((2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 461.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.78 minutes.

Example 28 t-Butoxycarbonyl protected 4-[((2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using (2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-methylbutylamine. The product was used without purification.

4-[((2S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-[((2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutyl)amino]-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16. The t-butoxycarbonyl group is removed under the reaction conditions. LC/MS m/z 447.5 (MH+), R_(t) 2.96 minutes.

Example 29 4-Amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using ammonia in a sealed glass tube. The product was used without purification.

4-Amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)hydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was obtained as a bright yellow solid after debenzylation of 4-amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-ylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one using the procedure described in Example 16 and purification by reversed-phase HPLC. LC/MS m/z 362.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.61 minutes.

Example 30 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 16, Method C using ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate. The product was obtained as a white solid and used without further purification. LC/MS m/z 368.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.99 minutes.

3-(Benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 3-benzimidazol-2-yl-4-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The crude product was used without purification.

Example 31 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(methylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using methylamine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The product was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 291.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.64 minutes.

Example 32 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(ethylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using ethylamine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 305.3 (MH+), R_(t) 2.01 minutes.

Example 33 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-[(oxolan-2-ylmethyl)amino]hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 2-aminomethyltetrahydrofuran and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 361.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.74 minutes.

Example 34 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-[(4-piperidylmethyl)amino]hydroquinolin-2-one

The protected title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-aminomethylpiperidine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after deprotection and debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 374.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.29 minutes.

Example 35 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 4-fluoroaniline and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 371.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.92 minutes.

Example 36 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(methoxyamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using O-methylhydroxylamine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 307.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.77 minutes.

Example 37 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(benzimidazol-6-ylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 5-aminobenzimidazole and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 393.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.41 minutes.

Example 38 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(phenylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using aniline and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 353.4 (MH+), R_(t) 2.38 minutes.

Example 39 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(quinuclidin-3-ylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 3-aminoquinuclidine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 386.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.82 minutes.

Example 40 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-[(imidazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 4-aminomethyl-1H-imidazole and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 357.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.34 minutes.

Example 41 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-(morpholin-4-ylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 4-aminomorpholine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained after debenzylation as a yellow solid using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 362.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.42 minutes.

Example 42 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-hydrazinohydroquinolin-2-one

The benzylated title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using hydrazine and 3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained as a yellow solid after debenzylation using the procedure described in Example 16. LC/MS m/z 292.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.19 minutes.

Example 43 3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-2-oxohydroquinoline-4-carbonitrile

3-Benzimidazol-2-yl-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one (1 eq) was dissolved in DMA, and CuCN (10 eq) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, water was added, and the orange precipitate was removed by filtration. The solid was treated with a solution of hydrated FeCl₃ at 70° C. for 1 hour. The suspension was centrifuged and the solution removed. The remaining solid was washed with 6N HCl (2 times), sat. Na₂CO₃ (2 times), water (2 times) and lyophilized. The resulting powder was dissolved in 1 mL of triflic acid and heated at 60° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was cooled to 0° C. and water was slowly added. Saturated LiOH was added dropwise to the suspension to a pH of 8, then the solid was filtered and washed with water (3 times). Purification by reversed-phase HPLC afforded the desired product. LC/MS m/z 287.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.89 minutes.

Example 44 Ethyl 2-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 1 using 4,5-dimethylbenzene-1,2-diamine. The crude yellow oil was purified first by silica gel chromatography (96.5:3.0:0.5, CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:Et₃N), and then by recrystallization from toluene to yield the title compound as a pale, yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 233.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.73 minutes.

3-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)₄-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 16, Method C using ethyl 2-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)acetate. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (98.5:1.5, CH₂Cl₂:MeOH) to yield the title compound as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 396.2 (MH+), R_(t) 3.60 minutes.

3-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 3-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxy-1-benzylhydroquinolin-2-one. The title compound was obtained as an orange-yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 414.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.47 minutes.

tert-Butyl 3-{[3-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 19, Method D using 1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-aminopiperidine. The crude material was purified by silica gel chromatography (99:1 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH) to yield the title compound as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 578.5 (MH+), R_(t) 3.05 minutes.

3-(5,6-Dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(3-piperidylamino)hydroquinolin-2-one

tert-Butyl 3-{[3-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1-benzyl-4-hydroquinolyl]amino}piperidine-carboxylate was debenzylated as described in Example 16. The crude material was purified by reversed-phase HPLC to yield the title compound as a light yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 388.4 (MH+), R_(t) 1.61 minutes.

Example 45 3H-Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylacetonitrile

Ethyl cyanoacetate (1.5 eq) and 2,3-diaminopyridine (1 eq) were heated at 185° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the black solid was triturated with ether. The desired product was thus obtained as a dark brown powder. LC/MS m/z 159.1 (MH+), R_(t) 0.44 minutes.

Ethyl 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylacetate

3H-Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylacetonitrile was suspended in EtOH, and gaseous HCl was bubbled through for 3 hours. The suspension initially seemed to dissolve, but a precipitate started forming almost immediately. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and a cold saturated NaHCO₃ solution was carefully added. Solid NaHCO₃ was also added to bring the pH to a value of 7.6. The aqueous phase was then extracted with EtOAc, and the organic extracts were dried (Na₂SO₄). After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silicagel (10% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% Et₃N) providing the desired product as a light brown solid. LC/MS m/z 206.1 (MH+), R_(t) 0.97 minutes.

4-Amino-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

LiHMDS (3.0 eq) was added to ethyl 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylacetate (1.0 eq) in THF at −78° C. After 20 minutes, a solution of 2-aminobenzenecarbonitrile (1.1 eq) in THF was added. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 3 hours, and then refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with an aqueous saturated NH₄Cl solution. A precipitate formed, was filtered off, and was washed repeatedly with ether to yield the desired compound as a light brown solid. LC/MS m/z 278.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.82 minutes.

Example 46 6-Morpholin-4-yl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine

Morpholine (4 eq) was added to a suspension of 6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1 eq) in CH₃CN, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 5 hours. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue was triturated with ether to afford the desired compound as a bright yellow powder. LC/MS m/z 225.0 (MH+), R_(t) 1.79 minutes.

Ethyl (5-morpholin-4-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetate

To a solution 6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1.0 eq) in EtOH was added Pd/C (0.1 eq). The reaction vessel was repeatedly purged with hydrogen and then stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 18 hours. Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (2.0 eq) was added in one portion, and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered through a celite plug, and the plug was washed with EtOH. After evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (5% MeOH in CH₂Cl₂ with 1% Et₃N) providing the desired product as a brown solid. LC/MS m/z 291.3 (MH+), R_(t) 1.71 minutes.

4-Amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

The title compound was synthesized as described in Example 45, Method E using ethyl 2-(5-morpholin-4-ylimidazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2-yl)acetate and 2-aminobenzenecarbonitrile, with a modified workup procedure. After quenching with a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, the two phases were separated and the aqueous phase extracted with EtOAc. Upon standing, a solid formed and precipitated out of the organic extracts. The precipitate, a dark brown solid, was filtered off and dried. Purification by reverse phase chromatography afforded the desired product as a reddish solid. LC/MS m/z 363.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.20 minutes.

Example 47 4-Amino-5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

LiHMDS (3.0 eq) was added to ethyl 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylacetate (1.0 eq) in THF at −78° C. After 20 minutes, a solution of 2-amino-6-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]benzonitrile (1.1 eq) in THF was added. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 2 hours and then heated to 60° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with an aqueous saturated NH₄Cl solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 times) and the organic extracts were collected, dried (Na₂SO₄), and concentrated. The crude product was purified by HPLC. LC/MS m/z 391.2 (MH+), R_(t) 2.35 minutes.

Example 48 Ethyl{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl}acetate

6-chloro-3-nitro-2-aminopyridine (1.0 eq) and 3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidine (1.1 eq) were dissolved in CH₃CN and diisopropylethylamine (2.0 eq) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was evaporated. The residue was triturated with ether and water and dried under vacuum (LC/MS m/z 252.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.09 minutes). The isolated product (1.0 eq) and 10% Pd/C (0.1 eq) were suspended in anhydrous EtOH at room temperature. The reaction flask was evacuated and subsequently filled with H₂. The resulting mixture was allowed to stir under a hydrogen atmosphere overnight. Ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride (2.0 eq) was then added and the resulting mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The solution was then filtered through Celite and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in CH₂Cl₂ and concentrated NH₄OH was added until a pH of 11 was achieved. The NH₄Cl thus formed was filtered off. The two phases were separated, and the organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄). Evaporation of the solvent and trituration of the residue with ether gave a light green powder. LC/MS m/z 318.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.11 minutes.

4-Amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one

LiHMDS (3.5 eq) was added to ethyl{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl}acetate (1.0 eq) in THF at −40° C. After 10 minutes, a solution of 2-aminobenzenecarbonitrile (1.1 eq) in THF was added. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 1 h and then heated to 60° C. overnight. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with NH₄Cl (aq, saturated). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 times). The product crashes out of the organic solution during the extractions. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure afforded a brown solid that was triturated repeatedly with MeOH and acetone to obtain a yellow greenish powder. LC/MS m/z 390.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.48 minutes.

Example 49 2-(4-Ethylpiperazinyl)-6-nitrobenzenecarbonitrile

2,6-Dinitrobenzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) and ethylpiperazine (3.6 eq) were dissolved in DMF. The resulting solution heated at 90° C. for 2 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature and poured into H₂O. A precipitate formed which was filtered to yield the desired product as a brown solid. LC/MS m/z 260.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.69 minutes.

6-Amino-2-(4-ethylpiperazinyl)benzenecarbonitrile

2-(4-Ethylpiperazinyl)-6-nitrobenzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) was dissolved in EtOH and EtOAc. The flask was purged with N₂, and 10% Pd/C (0.1 eq) was added. The flask was evacuated and purged with H₂ three times. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was filtered through Celite, and the filter pad was washed with EtOAc. The solvent was removed in vacuo to provide the desired product as a yellow solid. LC/MS m/z 231.2 (MH+), R_(t) 1.42 minutes.

4-Amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

t-BuLi (3.1 eq) was added to ethyl 2-benzimidazol-2-ylacetate (1.0 eq) and 6-amino-2-(4-ethylpiperazinyl)benzenecarbonitrile (1.0 eq) in THF at 0° C. The reaction was stirred overnight. The resulting mixture was quenched with NH₄Cl (aq, saturated) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to yield a brown solid. The crude material was triturated with CH₂Cl₂ and MeOH to provide a tan solid. LC/MS m/z 389.1 (MH+), R_(t) 1.80 minutes.

Examples 50-154

The 2-aminobenzonitriles or isatoic anhydride starting materials used to synthesize Examples 50-154 are readily recognizable by one skilled in the art. They were either commercially available or synthesized following the examples shown above (e.g. Examples 1, 2, and 49). The anhydride 6-chloro-1-(phenylmethyl)-2H-3,1-benzoxazine-2,4(1H)-dione was synthesized following the general isatoic anhydride synthesis methods described in J. Med. Chem. 1981, 24 (6), 735 and J. Heterocycl. Chem. 1975, 12(3), 565.

The benzimidazole acetates were formed by reacting aryl diamines with ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropanoate hydrochloride as shown in Example 1. The requisite diamines used in the syntheses are also readily recognizable by one skilled in the art and may be synthesized following Methods 1-9. The isatoic anhydrides were coupled with the benzimidazole acetates using methods C and D. The 2-aminobenzonitriles were coupled with the benzimidazole acetates using method B, the coupling method of example 49, or the general procedure set forth below.

Method E

LiHMDS (3-4 eq) was added to the benzimidazole acetate (1.0 eq) in THF (at a constant temperature ranging from −78° C. to 0° C.). After 20 minutes, a solution of the 2-aminobenzonitrile (1.1 eq) in THF was then added. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 1-3 hours and was then heated to approx. 40° C.-65° C. (1 hour to 12 hours). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with NH₄Cl (aq, saturated). The aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ or EtOAc, and the organic extracts were collected, dried (Na₂SO₄), and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure and purification of the residue by silica gel chromatography or HPLC provided the 4-amino quinolinone products.

LC/MS m/z Example Name (MH+) 50 4-amino-3-{5-[(3S)-3- 389.4 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 51 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 420 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 52 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 420 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 53 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(3R)-3- 374.2 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]quinolin- 2(1H)-one 54 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-4-[(3R)- 408.1 3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]quinolin- 2(1H)-one 55 4-amino-3-[5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 403.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)- one 56 4-amino-3-(6-piperazin-1-yl-1H- 361.2 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 57 4-amino-3-[6-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H- 368.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 58 4-amino-3-{5-[(3R,5S)-3,5- 389.4 dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 59 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 375.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 60 4-amino-3-(6-methyl-5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 376 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 61 4-amino-3-{5-[(1-methylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]- 390.1 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 62 4-amino-3-{5-[(2R,6S)-2,6- 408.2 dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-6-fluoro-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 63 4-amino-3-{5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)oxy]- 376.2 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 64 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)- 389.2 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 65 4-amino-3-{5-[(3R)-3- 389.2 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 66 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[(3R)-3- 423 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 67 ethyl{4-[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2- 447.2 dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6- yl]piperazin-1-yl}acetate 68 4-amino-3-{6-[methyl(1-methylpiperidin-4- 403.1 yl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin- 2(1H)-one 69 3-[6-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 403.3 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-aminoquinolin-2(1H)- one 70 4-amino-3-[6-(1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-1H- 443.3 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 71 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)- 321.2 1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylic acid 72 4-amino-5-(methyloxy)-3-[6-(4- 405.3 methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 73 4-amino-3-{6-[4-(1-methylethyl)piperazin-1- 403.3 yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)- one 74 {4-[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3- 419.2 yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]piperazin-1- yl}acetic acid 75 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 386.1 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 76 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 386.1 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 77 4-amino-3-[5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 389.1 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 78 4-amino-3-(5-{(2S,5S)-2- 433.3 [(dimethylamino)methyl]-5- methylmorpholin-4-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 79 4-amino-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin- 409.2 1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 80 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[(3S)-3- 423.1 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 81 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-{5-[(3S)-3- 457.2 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 82 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-[5-(4- 443.2 methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 83 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6- 384.2 [(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one 84 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6- 390.1 [(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 85 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6- 362.2 morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 86 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(1- 390.2 methylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one 87 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5- 384.1 [(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one 88 4-amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 469.2 benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(pyridin-4- ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one 89 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5- 307.1 (methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 90 4-amino-3-(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2- 321.1 yl)-5-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 91 4-amino-3-{5-[(2R,6S)-2,6- 420.2 dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-1H-benzimidazol- 2-yl}-5-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 92 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5- 362.2 morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 93 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5- 390.2 [(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 94 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-(4- 375.1 methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 95 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl- 430 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 96 3-{5-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)oxy]-1H- 391.3 benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 97 4-amino-3-{5-[(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl)oxy]- 404 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 98 4-amino-3-{5-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)oxy]- 420.4 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 99 4-amino-6-fluoro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 380 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 100 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin- 407 1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-6- fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 101 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6- 295 fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 102 4-amino-3-(6-fluoro-5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 380 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 103 4-amino-3-{5-[(tetrahydrofuran-2- 377 ylmethyl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 104 4-amino-6-fluoro-3-(6-fluoro-5-morpholin-4- 398 yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 105 4-amino-3-[6-fluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1- 393 yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 106 4-amino-3-(5-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}-1H- 351 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 107 4-amino-3-[4,6-difluoro-5-(4- 411 methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 108 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin- 407.1 1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-5- fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 109 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1- 393.1 yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 110 4-amino-5-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin- 409.1 1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 111 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin- 407.1 1-yl]-6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 112 4-amino-5-chloro-3-{5-[3- 423.1 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 113 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[3- 441 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-fluoro-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 114 4-amino-5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin- 391.2 4-yl]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 115 4-amino-3-(6-thiomorpholin-4-yl-1H- 378.4 benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 116 4-amino-3-[5-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)- 443.1 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 117 4-amino-3-{6-[3-(diethylamino)pyrrolidin-1- 417.1 yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)- one 118 4-amino-3-[6-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)- 438.3 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 119 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3H- 376.3 imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 120 4-amino-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin- 410.2 1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]quinolin- 2(1H)-one 121 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)- 431.3 N-methyl-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H- benzimidazole-5-carboxamide 122 4-amino-3-(5-{[4-(1-methylethyl)piperazin- 431.3 1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 123 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 420.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]-6-nitroquinolin-2(1H)- one 124 4-amino-3-[5-(1,4′-bipiperidin-1′- 471.1 ylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin- 2(1H)-one 125 4-amino-3-{5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1- 403.3 yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin- 2(1H)-one 126 4-amino-3-[5-(1-oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl)- 394.5 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 127 3-{5-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H- 431.3 benzimidazol-2-yl}-4-aminoquinolin-2(1H)- one 128 4-amino-3-(5-{[(3R)-3- 417.4 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}- 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 129 4-amino-3-(5-{[(3S)-3- 417.4 (dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}- 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 130 4-amino-3-(5-{[4-(dimethylamino)piperidin- 431.4 1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 131 methyl 2-(4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2- 353.2 dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-6- carboxylate 132 4-amino-3-[5-(1,3′-bipyrrolidin-1′-yl)-1H- 415.5 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 133 4-amino-3-[5-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-1H- 370.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 134 4-amino-5,6-bis(methyloxy)-3-[5-(4- 435.5 methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 135 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)- 405.3 N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-1H- benzimidazole-5-carboxamide 136 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)- 417.2 N-methyl-N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H- benzimidazole-5-carboxamide 137 4-amino-3-{5-[(5-methyl-2,5- 415.2 diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)carbonyl]-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 138 4-amino-3-{5-[(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1- 471.6 yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin- 2(1H)-one 139 4-amino-3-{5-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]- 403.2 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 140 ethyl 4-{[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2- 447.3 dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5- yl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate 141 4-amino-3-[5-({(5R)-5- 405.2 [(methyloxy)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)- 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 142 4-amino-3-{5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]- 383.3 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 143 4-amino-3-[5-(piperidin-3-ylamino)-1H- 375.2 benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 144 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-{5-[(pyridin-2- 401.3 ylmethyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one 145 ethyl 4-{[2-(4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2- 465.5 dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5- yl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate 146 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(piperidin-3-ylamino)- 393.3 1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 147 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6- 357.1 bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one 148 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7- 357.1 bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one 149 4-amino-3-(5-bromo-1H-benzimidazol-2- 357.1 yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 150 N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin- 333.1 3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide 151 4-amino-3-(5-thien-2-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- 359.2 yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 152 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)- 384.1 N,N-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-5- sulfonamide 153 4-amino-6-iodo-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1- 501.1 yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 154 4-amino-3-(5-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]- 419.2 morpholin-4-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

Examples 155-270

Examples 155 to 270 shown in the following Table were synthesized using the methods described above such as Methods 1-15 and those set forth in the Schemes and other Examples or modified as apparent to one of reasonable skill in the art using commercially available materials.

LC/MS m/z Example Name (MH+) 155 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 547 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloro-6- iodoquinolin-2(1H)-one 156 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 431 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-nitroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 157 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 401 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-methylquinolin- 2(1H)-one 158 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 422 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7- difluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 159 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 421 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 160 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 465 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-bromoquinolin- 2(1H)-one 161 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 411 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2- dihydroquinoline-6-carbonitrile 162 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 404 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 163 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 447 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7- bis(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 164 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 455 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7- dichloroquinolin-2(1H)-one 165 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 531 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-4- carboxamide 166 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 478 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(3- hydroxypropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 167 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 448 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(dimethylamino)- 6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 168 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 404 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 169 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 508 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4- nitrophenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 170 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 491 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-{[2- [dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-6- fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one 171 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 471 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(1H- imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 172 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 493 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[4- (methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 173 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 490 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7- morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 174 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 423 6,7-difluoro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 175 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 508 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(3- nitrophenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 176 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 531 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-3- carboxamide 177 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 401 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylquinolin- 2(1H)-one 178 6-(3-acetylphenyl)-4-[(3R)-1- 506 azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)- one 179 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 421 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-chloroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 180 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 491 6-fluoro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)- 7-morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 181 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 460 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7- (cyclopropylamino)-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)- one 182 N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 521 ylamino]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl]phenyl}acetamide 183 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 503 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 184 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 472 6-fluoro-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-(3H- imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)- one 185 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 525 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(2- pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 186 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 488 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-piperidin- 1-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 187 6-chloro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2- 298 yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 188 ethyl 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 560 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-4- carboxylate 189 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 519 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(1-benzothien- 2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 190 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 474 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7- pyrrolidin-1-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one 191 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 532 3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-6-[2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 192 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 494 3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-6-[2- (methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 193 ethyl 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 560 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-3- carboxylate 194 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 491 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4- ethylphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 195 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 476 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(2- methylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 196 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 401 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylquinolin- 2(1H)-one 197 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 532 6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5- b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 198 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 531 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 199 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4- 305 (dimethylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 200 4-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2- 329 yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 201 4-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2- 279 yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 202 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 525 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid 203 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 524 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzamide 204 N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 538 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl]phenyl}acetamide 205 3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 525 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid 206 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 525 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid 207 N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 538 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-fluoro- 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl]phenyl}acetamide 208 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 511 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloro-6-(2- methylphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 209 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 411 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2- dihydroquinoline-7-carbonitrile 210 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 417 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7- (methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 211 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 506 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo- 1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]benzamide 212 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 434 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7- (methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one 213 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 464 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-7- (dimethylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 214 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 555 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7- (dimethylamino)-6-iodoquinolin-2(1H)-one 215 3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 573 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(1H- imidazol-1-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl]benzoic acid 216 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3- 590 ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-7- piperidin-1-yl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6- yl]benzoic acid 217 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 571 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(methyloxy)-6- [4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 218 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 401 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-8-methylquinolin- 2(1H)-one 219 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 422 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoroquinolin- 2(1H)-one 220 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-methyl-4- 374 (piperidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 221 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 493 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[2- (methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 222 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 493 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[3- (methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 223 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-4- 396 (piperidin-4-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 224 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-4- 382 (pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 225 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-4-[(3- 439 morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)- one 226 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 480 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-4- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 227 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 494 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-2- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 228 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6- 506 chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 229 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 480 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-3- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 230 6-chloro-4-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}- 468 3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 231 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]- 506 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 232 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 494 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-3- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 233 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 494 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-4- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 234 4-{[(1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino}-6- 494 chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 235 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-6-chloro-3- 494 (5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 236 4-{[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutyl]amino}-6- 482 chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 237 4-({[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)- 516 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 238 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 480 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyrrolidin-2- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 239 4-{[(1R)-1-(aminomethyl)propyl]amino}-6- 468 chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 240 4-{[(1S)-2-amino-1- 530 (phenylmethyl)ethyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-(5- morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 241 6-chloro-4-{[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1- 537 yl)propyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 242 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 570 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-{[1- (phenylmethyl)piperidin-4- yl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one 243 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 524 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(3-morpholin-4- ylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 244 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 508 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-piperidin-1- ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 245 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 488 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyridin-3- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 246 6-chloro-4-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1- 505 yl)propyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 247 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 488 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyridin-4- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 248 6-chloro-4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}- 454 3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 249 6-chloro-4-{[(2-methyl-1-piperidin-4-yl-1H- 624 benzimidazol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-3-(5- morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2- yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 250 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 494 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-pyrrolidin-1- ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 251 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 466 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(pyrrolidin-3- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 252 4-{[(1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino}-6- 507 chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 253 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-6-chloro-3- 507 [5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 254 4-({[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)- 529 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 255 6-chloro-4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}- 467 3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 256 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 550 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[3-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}quinolin- 2(1H)-one 257 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 583 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[1- (phenylmethyl)piperidin-4- yl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one 258 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 507 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-[(2-pyrrolidin-1- ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 259 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 479 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrrolidin-3- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 260 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 493 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-(piperidin-4- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 261 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 508 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-piperidin-2- ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 262 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-7- 506 chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one 263 7-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H- 480 benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-3- ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one 264 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 507 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-[(piperidin-2- ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one 265 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 493 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2- ylmethyl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one 266 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H- 493 benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[(2R)-pyrrolidin-2- ylmethyl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one 267 6-chloro-4-({[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2- 521 yl]methyl}amino)-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 268 6-chloro-4-({[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2- 521 yl]methyl}amino)-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1- yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)- one 269 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3- 493 (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[4- (methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one 270 6-(3-aminophenyl)-4-[(3S)-1- 478 azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H- benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one

Assay Procedures

In Vitro Kinase Assays for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

The kinase activity of various protein tyrosine kinases can be measured by providing ATP and a suitable peptide or protein tyrosine-containing substrate, and assaying the transfer of phosphate moiety to the tyrosine residue. Recombinant proteins corresponding to the cytoplasmic domains of the fit-1 (VEGFR1), KDR (VEGFR2), and bFGF receptors were expressed in Sf9 insect cells using a Baculovirus expression system (InVitrogen) and purified via Glu antibody interaction (for Glu-epitope tagged constructs) or by Metal Ion Chromatography (for His₆ tagged constructs). For each assay, test compounds were serially diluted in DMSO then mixed with an appropriate kinase reaction buffer plus ATP. Kinase protein and an appropriate biotinylated peptide substrate were added to give a final volume of 100 μL, reactions were incubated for 1-2 hours at room temperature and stopped by the addition of 50 μL of 45 mM EDTA, 50 mM Hepes pH 7.5. Stopped reaction mix (75 μL) was transferred to a streptavidin coated microtiter plate (Boehringer Mannheim) and incubated for 1 hour. Phosphorylated peptide product was measured with the DELFIA time-resolved fluorescence system (Wallac), using a Eu-labeled anti-phosphotyrosine antibody PT66 with the modification that the DELFIA assay buffer was supplemented with 1 mM MgCl₂ for the antibody dilution. Time resolved fluorescence was read on a Wallac 1232 DELFIA fluorometer. The concentration of each compound for 50% inhibition (IC₅₀) was calculated by non-linear regression using XL Fit data analysis software.

Flt-1, KDR, and bFGFR kinases were assayed in 50 mM Hepes pH 7.0, 2 mM MgCl₂, 10 mM MnCl₂, 1 mM NaF, 1 mM DTT, 1 mg/ml BSA, 2 μM ATP, and 0.42 μM biotin-GGGGQDGKDYIVLPI-NH₂. Flt-1, KDR, and bFGFR kinases were added at 0.1 μg/mL, 0.05 μg/mL, or 0.1 μg/mL respectively.

Each of the following compounds was synthesized and assayed using the procedures described above: 3-{5-[2-(ethylanilino)ethoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(4-aminophenoxy)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-{6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-hydroxy-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinone; N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 3-{5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-4-quinolinecarbonitrile; 4-amino-3-{5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[6-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[6-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carbonitrile; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinyl)-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboximidamide; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(1-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(2-thienyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(2,6-dimethyl-4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[hydroxy(oxido)amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)oxy]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-6-[hydroxy(oxido)amino]-3-{5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-3-{5-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethoxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-6-fluoro-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-6-fluoro-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(methylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(ethylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)₄-{[2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]amino}-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(4-piperidinylmethyl)amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(4-fluoroanilino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino)-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(1H-benzimidazol-6-ylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-anilino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(methoxyamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)₄-[(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(4-morpholinylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)₄-hydrazino-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino)-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino)-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-3-[6-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-(methoxyamino)-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-(3-piperidinylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]4-[(3-piperidinylmethyl)amino]-2(1H)- quinolinone; 4-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]4-[(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)amino]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]4-(3-pyrrolidinylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-amino-4-methylpentyl)amino]-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-amino-3-methylbutyl)amino]-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(3-piperidinylamino)-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 4-[(2-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-3-[5-(4-morpholinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2(1H)-quinolinone; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxybenzo[g]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-4-[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(6-piperazin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[6-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(3R,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(6-methyl-5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(1-methylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; ethyl {4-[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]piperazin-1-yl}acetate; 4-amino-3-{6-[methyl(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-[6-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[6-(1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylic acid; 4-amino-5-(methyloxy)-3-[6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{6-[4-(1-methylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; {4-[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{(2S,5S)-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-methylmorpholin-4-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-{5-[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(1-methylpiperidin-3-yl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)oxy]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-5-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5,6-dichloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{5-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropyl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-fluoro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(6-fluoro-5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)oxy]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-fluoro-3-(6-fluoro-5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[6-fluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]oxy}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[4,6-difluoro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-5-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-chloro-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-{5-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-[(2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(6-thiomorpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{6-[3-(diethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[6-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 4-amino-3-(5-{[4-(1-methylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-6-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-ylcarbonyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(1-oxidothiomorpholin-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-{5-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}-4-aminoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{[(3R)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolid in-1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{[(3S)-3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{[4-(dimethylamino)piperidin-1-yl]carbonyl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; methyl 2-(4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-6-carboxylate; 4-amino-3-[5-(1,3′-bipyrrolidin-1′-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5,6-bis(methyloxy)-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methyl-1 H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 4-amino-3-{5-[(5-methyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(4-cyclohexylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; ethyl 4-{[2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-amino-3-[5-({(5R)-5-[(methyloxy)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}amino)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-{5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-[5-(piperidin-3-ylamino)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-{5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl}quinolin-2(1H)-one; ethyl 4-{[2-(4-amino-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]amino}piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(piperidin-3-ylamino)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-bromo-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamide; 4-amino-3-(5-thien-2-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 2-(4-amino-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-3-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulfonamide; 4-amino-6-iodo-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-amino-3-(5-{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]morpholin-4-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloro-6-iodoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-nitroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-bromoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6-carbonitrile; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-bis(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-dichloroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-4-carboxamide; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(dimethylamino)-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4-nitrophenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6,7-difluoro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(3-nitrophenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-3-carboxamide; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-(3-acetylphenyl)-4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6-fluoro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-7-morpholin-4-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(cyclopropylamino)-6-fluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]phenyl}acetamide; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6-fluoro-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-piperidin-1-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; ethyl 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-4-carboxylate; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(1-benzothien-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-pyrrolidin-1-ylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-y)-6-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)-6-[2-(methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; ethyl 1-[4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]piperidine-3-carboxylate; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-(4-ethylphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-[(2-methylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)₄-(dimethylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-hydroxy-3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid; 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzamide; N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]phenyl}acetamide; 3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid; 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid; N-{3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-fluoro-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]phenyl}acetamide; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-chloro-6-(2-methylphenyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-7-carbonitrile; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-7-yl]benzamide; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-fluoro-7-(methyloxy)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-7-(dimethylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(dimethylamino)-6-iodoquinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid; 4-[4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-oxo-7-piperidin-1-yl-1,2-dihydroquinolin-6-yl]benzoic acid; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(methyloxy)-6-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-8-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-methyl-4-(piperidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[2-(methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[3-(methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-4-(piperidin-4-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6,7-difluoro-4-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-chloro-4-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-4-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-3-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-{[(1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-{[(2S)-2-amino-3-methylbutyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-({[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-{[(1R)-1-(aminomethyl)propyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-{[(1S)-2-amino-1-(phenylmethyl)ethyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-{[1-(phenylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(pyrid in-4-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[(2-methyl-1-piperidin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-{[(1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl]amino}-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)amino]-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-({[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)-6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[1-(phenylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]4-[(2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-(pyrrolidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-(piperidin-4-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-[(2-piperidin-2-ylethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-7-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 7-chloro-3-(5-morpholin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-4-(piperidin-3-ylamino)quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-[(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)amino]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-4-{[(2R)-pyrrol id in-2-ylmethyl]amino}quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-({[(2S)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 6-chloro-4-({[(2R)-1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}amino)-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; 4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]quinolin-2(1H)-one; and 6-(3-aminophenyl)-4-[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-ylamino]-3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one.

Each of the above compounds displayed an IC₅₀ value of less than 10 μM with respect to VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and bFGF.

It should be understood that the organic compounds according to the invention may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism. As the chemical structures within this specification can only represent one of the possible tautomeric forms, it should be understood that the invention encompasses any tautomeric form of the drawn structure.

It is understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein for illustration, but embraces all such forms thereof as come within the scope of the following claims. 

1. A method for synthesizing a 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound, comprising: reacting a substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate with a substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile in the presence of a base or a Lewis acid, wherein the 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound is formed and has structure I:

wherein: Y is —NR¹²R¹³ group; R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —CN, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁵ groups, —NR¹⁶R¹⁷ groups, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, or —C(═O)R¹⁸ groups; R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, Cl, Br, F, I, —NO₂, —OH, —OR¹⁹ groups, —NR²⁰R²¹ groups, —SH, —SR²² groups, —S(═O)R²³ groups, —S(═O)₂R²⁴ groups, —CN, substituted or unsubstituted amidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted guanidinyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)R²⁵ groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; R¹² is selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups; R¹³ is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —OH, alkoxy groups, aryloxy groups, —NH₂, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)amino groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups; R¹⁵ and R¹⁹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl gxoups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups; R¹⁶ and R²⁰ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups; R¹⁷ and R²¹ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)H, —C(═O)-alkyl groups, —C(═O)-aryl groups, —C(═O)NH₂, —C(═O)NH(alkyl) groups, —C(═O)NH(aryl) groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —C(═O)O-alkyl groups, —C(═O)O-aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted dialkylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted arylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diarylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (alkyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, —C(═O)-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)—O-heterocyclyl groups, —C(═O)NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —C(═O)—N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, —C(═O)N(aryl)(heterocyclyl) groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted diheterocyclylaminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(alkyl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted (heterocyclyl)(aryl)aminoalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxyalkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxyalkyl groups, or —C(═O)—N(alkyl)(heterocyclyl) groups; R¹⁸, R²³, R²⁴, and R²⁵ may be the same or different and are independently selected from H, —NH₂, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(alkyl)₂ groups, —N(aryl)₂ groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —NH(heterocyclyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(alkyl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)(aryl) groups, —N(heterocyclyl)₂ groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups, heterocyclyloxy groups, —NHOH, —N(alkyl)OH groups, —N(aryl)OH groups, —N(alkyl)O-alkyl groups, —N(aryl)O-alkyl groups, —N(alkyl)O-aryl groups, or —N(aryl)O-aryl groups; and R²² is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate is a substituted or unsubstituted ethyl 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate is reacted with the substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile in the presence of the Lewis acid.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the Lewis acid is tin tetrachloride.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate is reacted with the substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile in the presence of the base.
 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the base is lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide to the substituted or unsubstituted 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate in tetrahydrofuran, and then adding the substituted or unsubstituted 2-aminobenzonitrile to the resulting mixture.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming the 2-benzimidazolyl-2-acetate by reacting ethyl 3-ethoxy-2-iminopropanoate hydrochloride with a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-phenylenediamine.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein reacting ethyl 3-ethoxy-2-iminopropanoate hydrochloride with a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-phenylenediamine comprises stirring the ethyl 3-ethoxy-2-iminopropanoate and the substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-phenylenediamine in ethanol at a temperature of 90° C.
 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising reacting ethyl 2-cyanoacetate with ethanol to form the ethyl 3-ethoxy-2-iminopropanoate hydrochloride.
 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 4-amino substituted quinolinone compound is 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-[5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]quinolin-2(1H)-one or a tautomer thereof.
 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Lewis acid is tin tetrachloride or the base is lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. 